From then on Drakovi often referred to TV Belgrade in derisive terms as "TV Bastille": To SPO members and sympathizers. This meeting resulted in the Belgrade Declaration ending the Informbiro, granting other socialist countries the right to interpret Marxism in a different way, and ensured equal relationships amongst all satellite states and the Soviet Union. We will not allow anybody to abuse the blood or the wish . Flanked by the individuals loyal to him (including several prominent members of the Belgrade underworld such as ore "Gika" Boovi and Aleksandar "Knele" Kneevi who essentially acted as his bodyguards), Drakovi climbed the Prince Mihailo Monument and attempted to address the large crowd using a megaphone. I recognize Dragana Milojevi, a neighbor who in passing had told me that freedom was soon to come. In 1994, Ukraine signed an agreement with the U.S., the UK and Russia under which it gave up its nuclear arsenal in return for certain assurances. On Thursday, March 7, the city of Belgrade police branch issued a special junction banning the protest while citing "the location and the time of day when the rally is scheduled as disruptive to the public order and unobstructed flow of traffic". The protests are referred to in Serbian as Devetomartovski protest, i.e. What is the best choice? This month this issue surfaced in a bitter exchange between the two countries: France accusing America of running missions behind its back while America accused the French government of putting Nato pilots' lives at risk by vetoing targets. I had not told anything to my parents until the 9th of March. We could not therefore offer Poland and others membership in NATO." The minutes later clarified he was referring to the Oder River, the boundary between East Germany and Poland. And finally, they demanded "cessation of the practice of obstructing the work of Studio B and Yutel". I cannot remember when talks on politics began, in our home, or when conflicts between them and me started. They thought we were going to my Grandmothers place in town, for a while. To this day, I still remember very well the image of a woman standing in front of the water cannon, with her chest proudly thrown out and with three fingers up. Additionally, through party-installed people like the Radio Television Belgrade general-director Duan Mitevi, Miloevi had a tight grip on the most important and influential media outlets, often using them for his own ends, although still not as blatantly and brazenly as he would later throughout the 1990s once the wars and UN sanctions set in. However, only three parties could boast any kind of actual significance: Slobodan Miloevi's Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), Drakovi's Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), and Democratic Party (DS) led at the time by Dragoljub Miunovi and featuring high-ranking members Zoran ini and Vojislav Kotunica who would both later rise to greater prominence. So she starts crying. And its FREE! In a series of security proposals made public in December, Russia demanded NATO publicly renounce expansion to the former Soviet republics of Ukraine and Georgia and withdraw US forces to the 1997 boundaries of the bloc, among other things. After Drakovi finished, other people took the microphone, among them Milan Paroki, arko Jokanovi, Leon Koen, Milan Komneni and Borislav Mihajlovi Mihiz. The reception room is still there, laid open to the elements by the bomb that sliced away its outer wall on the building's south side. My parents are racking their brains. Yes, I think he will." Ukraine as an independent state was born from the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union. [citation needed], 636 people were arrested following the protest.[10]. Edited by the Miloevi loyalist ika Minovi, the rest of that day's issue was not much different of the 51 total pieces about the previous day's events, 49 presented a strong condemnation of the opposition, SPO, and Drakovi. On 8 May they tapped into the Nato target computer and checked out the satellite co-ordinates for the Chinese Embassy. [15], Estimates on the number of people in the crowd vary: under 70,000,[9] around 100,000,[10] or in excess of 150,000.[16]. The 1961 Non-Aligned Conference in Belgrade was the first official summit of the Non-Aligned . Let's gather on Saturday, March 9, at high noon, at our old spot on the Republic Square in front of Prince Mihailo. [6] This, however, didn't automatically lead to normalization between the two ruling parties. However, overwhelmed and outnumbered by the crowd the police retreated while trying to keep the angry protesters in check with water cannons. A British representative also mentions the existence of a general agreement that membership of NATO for eastern European countries is unacceptable. The situation was deteriorating by the second, flower beds were being overturned and broken off into smaller pieces of concrete to be thrown onto police vehicles. [6][7] Determined not to let this go, the following day, February 20, Drakovi issued a call to the streets for March 9 where the protesters would publicly demand the retraction of the original defamatory piece. The deal was that it would neither join NATO and for the first time, it would become an independent nation free of Russia. On May 7 this year the B2 - at $44 billion the world's most expensive plane - took off from Whiteman air force base in Missouri, its sleek black belly loaded with missiles, destined for Belgrade . That room and those sofas were familiar to Belgrade's diplomatic corps, who regularly met US diplomats at receptions in the building. Required fields are marked *. Two people died in the ensuing violence, and the government then ordered the Yugoslav People's Army onto the city streets. But as mobs stormed the US and British Embassies in Beijing, and Chinese President Jiang Zemin refused to take President Bill Cliton's phone calls, an entirely different story was being revealed on the other side of the world. The protest then spilled into adjoining streets and squares and most of the downtown Belgrade soon resembled a war zone. Belgrade-C 1991 chess tournament: games, results, players, statistics and PGN download This new document shows otherwise, Shifrinson said in a follow-up tweet, noting that beyond the Elbe or Oder by any standard includes Eastern European countries to which NATO started expanding just eight years later. They're obviously intent on repeating the propaganda crime that, along with election theft, led the communists to election victory in December. At home, in silence, we watch TV. Though America's trillion-dollar arsenal had been deployed, the target had been selected by an intelligence analyst using out-of-date maps. They said demonstrators were the forces of darkness and evil. But the limits of this agreement became evident after the Soviet intervened in Hungary in October 1956; this was followed by a new Soviet campaign against Tito, which held the Yugoslavian government responsible for the Hungarian insurrection. By signing up, you will create a Euro Weekly News account if you dont already have one. At one point he even bizarrely yelled "Juuuuuuri" (Chaaaaaarge) into the microphone the way a field general would at the scene of battle. [2] The document was a cornerstone for the relations between the two countries for the following 35 years.[5]. The Chinese Embassy in Belgrade was deliberately targeted by the most precise weapons in the US arsenal because it was being used by Zeljko Raznatovic, the indicted war criminal better known as Arkan, to transmit messages to his `Tigers' - Serb death squads - in Kosovo. After Stalin's death in 1953, Tito had to choose between a more western approach to reforms or an agreement with new Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. According to this source, that data was forwarded to the joint intelligence operational centre at Mons, the headquarters of Nato in Europe. The minutes later clarified he was referring to the Oder River, the boundary between East Germany and Poland. They're convinced they can get away with anything. The initial mass rally that took place on 9 March 1991 was organized by Vuk Drakovi's Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), an opposition political party in Serbia, protesting the rule of Slobodan Miloevi and his Socialist Party of Serbia, particularly their misuse of Radio Television Belgrade. There is only one point in bilateral relations, and it is simply said that neither side will block the . Demonstrators play chess with the police, hide in the alleys and look for passages. We could not therefore offer Poland and others membership in NATO. Instead of Miloevi addressing the gathered crowd, the speaking was left to his party's most publicly prominent members and ideologues at the time: Mihailo Markovi, Duan Matkovi, ivorad Igi, Radoman Boovi, Petar kundri, etc. All rights reserved. The protest was scheduled to take place at the Republic Square in Belgrade, a wide open area right in the city's downtown core. This led to numerous incidents throughout different parts of the city centre before the protest rally even started as the police tried, often brutally, to impede the stream of people heading to the square. The President of the Republic [Slobodan Miloevi] has to weigh between two choices in front of him: on one end of the scale are your lives as well as lives of many policemen because I heard our boys seized a lot of automatic weaponry in fights with police today on that scale there are so many lives, Serbia's freedom, honour, and peace while on the other end of the scale there are only 5 resignations and 1 retraction. Under the Belgrade Agreement and recommendations of the Crimea Conference, on March 7, 1945 the provisional people's government of the Democratic Federative Yugoslavia was . The Serbian citizens' interests are of no concern to the SPO members, their only aim is to use the dissatisfaction as well as the difficult position Serbian and Yugoslav economies find themselves in to create chaos in Serbia. Since their access to state-controlled media, either print or electronic, was fairly limited, Drakovi and his party frequently criticized and ridiculed Serbian leadership through the SPO-published weekly magazine Srpska re, edited by his wife Danica. The Khrushchev's trip to Belgrade is sometimes colloquially known as the "Soviet Canossa". Realizing very few could hear him, Drakovi then decided to seek permission from nearby National Theater personnel to address the crowds from its balcony, which provided a nice view of the entire square. Agreement on Principles of Relations between Serbia and Montenegro within the State Union Belgrade, 14th March 2002 Signed by : President of the Federal Republic Yugoslavia Vojislav Kostunica Deputy Federal Prime Minister Miroljub Labus President of the Republic of Montenegro Milo Djukanovic Premier of the Republic of Serbia Zoran Djindjic Hrobog further noted that West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher had agreed with this position as well. Officially the CIA's expla nation for hitting a building, well known to its diplomatic corps, is this: it used a flawed technique for locating the building they were supposed to bomb - an arms agency headquarters. His last proclamation put the present police squadron (led by Miloevi loyalist Radovan "Bada" Stojii) in full alert mode. I fought for another nine years against the regime, along with hundreds of thousands of other people. Among the policemen handling Drakovi's arrest was Naser Ori. I am overwhelmed with panic, suddenly petrified. The very title of the agreement is misleading: it would be about "normalizing relations," but the first twelve points of the agreement are more about the government of the Serb-controlled northern region of Kosovo. [3], Tito tried to reconcile with the Soviet Union, inviting Khrushchev to Belgrade in 1955. Opposite the Park of Peace and Friendship, the Chinese Embassy at Number 3 Cherry Blossom Boulevard stands mangled by missiles at one end; almost untouched at the other. A large group is going towards the city center. This is what it sounded like: what I do not see does not concern me. Idea Plus Communications Belgrade Advertising Services Belgrade, Serbia 200 followers Still, for about seven hours the protesters almost controlled the city as the majority of the police was guarding the TV Belgrade building and Dedinje. Database Search. While the world was being told the CIA had used out-of-date maps, Nato's officers were looking at evidence that the CIA was bang on target. In the days leading up to the protest Miloevi seemed intent not to let it take place. The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) was signed on July 31, 1991 by President George H.W. The protests ended on March 14 as the leaders of SPO were released from police custody. 16.03.2022 Strategic Communications. `The aim was to send a clear message to Milosevic that he should not use outside help in the shape of the Chinese,' said a Nato intelligence officer. [7], Seeing that the gathering at the Republic Square would not be allowed by the police thus realizing the potential for street clashes, Drakovi appeared interested in some kind of a last-minute mediation attempt or indirect deal by having his SPO MPs call for an immediate parliamentary meeting. The North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC) had been established in 1991 with the USSR and former Warsaw Pact countries as members, to enable dialogue and enhance transparency between western. The treaty limited the number of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) and nuclear warheads either country could possess. `The fact that it was an operating base for Arkan, an indicted war criminal, was something that convinced the Americans to strike. Equally compelling is the fact that the location of the Chinese Embassy in soulless new Belgrade was hardly a state secret. French officials in the United States - at the UN and in Washington - say privately that their government was `wary in the extreme' at the way targets were chosen by Nato during the Kosovo conflict. The US colonel was relaxed. The US's own National Imagery and Mapping Agency describes the wrong map story as `a damned lie'. While initial scrutiny by US military and civilian officials showed that the area was part of a park owned by a Yugoslav army officers' fund, more recent maps provided by the Europeans showed the clear location of the embassy. [8], "The signing ceremony of the Belgrade Declaration, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 2 July 1955", "Yugoslavia and the USSR 1945 - 1980: The History of a Cold War Relationship", "The Soviet Intervention that Never Happened", "Beograjska deklaracija, eden najvejih Titovih politinih uspehov", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrade_declaration&oldid=1104184800. The military standoff between the Ukraine and Russia stems from the latters demands for NATO to curb its expansion in to Eastern Europe, in what it sees as a threat to its security. It is this issue that has become the most contentious one between the US and its European Nato allies, especially France: that America was ordering missions outside of Nato's joint command structure that it kept from its fellow combatants. Thank you for taking the time to read this article, do remember to come back and checkThe Euro Weekly Newswebsite for all your up-to-date local and international news stories and remember, you can also follow us onFacebookandInstagram. The 14 article agreement, signed in Belgrade by the two foreign ministers, normalises relations between the two states, provides for the restoration of full diplomatic relations within 15 days,. My friends drag me on the sidewalk and then home. [20][21] The investigation into his death was recently reopened. The next day, March 10, Belgrade awoke to the anti-opposition headline "Ruilaki pohod" (Destructive Crusade) on the front page of Politika, the most important of the four dailies being published in the city at the time. 2. Such a scenario, rehearsed and performed from Chile to Romania, is well-known and easily recognized, but in Serbia it won't and it mustn't play out.[5]. Morning of the 9th of March 1991. It had been described to us as a communications target that would be taken out.' The opposition groups that organized today's rally contend that he remains a Communist in fact, if not in name. Known as the PEOPLES PAPER, Euro Weekly News is the leading English language newspaper in Spain. When SPO called the protest for March 9, DS was on the fence. I was in this group. [7] Other opposition parties, including the Democratic Party (DS), People's Peasant Party (NSS), People's Radical Party (NRS), New Democracy (ND), Democratic Forum, and Liberal Party, joined and supported the set of demands. (Rubinstein 1970, 80-84). It had been marked Secret but was declassified at some point. Senior policymakers deny a non-expansion pledge was offered. The Serbian (formerly Yugoslavia) Belgrade performance, which is more valuable than Bob Dylan's 1991 European tour, is now available from the high-quality audience recording master! The 1991 mass protests against Slobodan Miloevi regime which have continued throughout the wars reinforced young people's antiwar orientation. [7], This meeting resulted in the Belgrade Declaration ending the Informbiro, granting other socialist countries the right to interpret Marxism in a different way, and ensured equal relationships amongst all satellite states and the Soviet Union. Renowned Serbian writer Borislav Peki was one of many well-known Serbs at the protest March 9, 1991 was a pleasant, partly sunny, slightly windy Saturday in late winter. The Americans knew exactly what to hit and how to do it far from not knowing the target was an embassy, they must have been given architect's drawings. In March 2002, the heads of the federal and republican governments signed the Belgrade Agreement, setting forth the parameters for a redefinition of Montenegro's relationship . There was no one to give us information. ', An intelligence expert told The Observer: `If it was the wrong building, why did they use the most precise weapons on Earth to hit the right end of that `wrong building'? Two countries formally reestablished diplomatic relations with Yugoslav ambassador arriving to Moscow on 30 July and Soviet ambassador arriving to Belgrade on 30 September of 1953. He knew well that the Belgrade Agreement required Ukraine was to remain neutral. [13], Miloevi's administration appeared confident, even arrogant, about possessing enough means and support to stop the protest from taking place.[13]. The television was controlled by the regime and the little I was able to listen to on Radio B92 was not enough for me to get an idea. On top of that, ideologically speaking, the two parties had very little in common other than their general anti-Miloevi stance. My first experience as a demonstrator lasts a half hour. The old fortress of Kalemegdan is now a historical monument; its former glacis has been rebuilt as a garden, from which is seen a famous view of the plain across the Sava and the Danube. Belgrade, 1 September 1991 . The thought of what the reporters of RTB (Radio Television Belgrade) said disgusts me. Along with deciding to steer the coverage in the following day's issue clearly to the Miloevi's side, Brajovi also published a commentary in which he openly criticizes his staff's previous coverage of the protests. Dragoslav Bokan and Borislav Peki were also present. Tanks and armored cars rolled onto the streets. My Mother tries to talk me out of it, even though she knows I will not give in. When a few weeks ago Luka Zanoni asked me to write a text about my memories of the 9th of March, I accepted without hesitating, happy that I could tell about my numerous battles against the regime of the time. [22] Veernje novosti, edited by Rade Brajovi, ran a fairly balanced March 10 issue, mostly covering the events neutrally and avoiding emotional outbursts in favour of either side. Using previously developed and tested astroturfing methods, they bussed many workers into Belgrade from other parts of Serbia for the occasion and also used its grip on state TV to inflate the crowd size. KLA statement on the Belgrade agreement . Mistaken attacks on convoys of defenceless Albanian refugees had dented Western public opinion's belief in the rightness of the war; now the US war machine had hit the most diplomatically sensitive target possible - by mistake. The key text in the minutes from the meeting quotes US Assistant Secretary of State for Europe and Canada Raymond Seitz saying: We made it clear to the Soviet Union, in the 2+4 talks, as well as in other negotiations that we do not intend to benefit from the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Eastern Europe, post-Stalinist normalization of relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Doctors at Belgrade's emergency hospital identified the dead as a 54-year-old . NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said the alliance: had never promised not to expand. In an interview with Der Spiegel later, Stoltenberg repeated that there has never been such a promise, there has never been such a behind-the-scenes deal, it is simply not true. Indicted for his role in organising death squads in the war in Bosnia, his precise role in Kosovo is still not clear. If only I had known how long we would have to wait for another chance, if only I had been a little older, if only I had not gotten scared, if only all those people that were in the streets of Belgrade on that day had not been surprised and shocked, if only they had been more organized, if Vuk Drakovi had known how to respond, if they had not asked RTS editors to resign, but Miloevi, if Dragoljub Miunovi had not invited DS sympathizers to withdraw because enough blood had already been shed, if I were, if they were, if it were but I have not, they have not, it is not that is why we waited until the 5th of October of 2000. For not only were the embassy co-ordinates in the Nato computer, as the air targeters discovered, but the Chinese Embassy, as has been confirmed to The Observer, had long been a prime target for Western intelligence, and would therefore have been extremely well identified. [citation needed]. A senior French Defence Ministry official said bluntly that the building attacked on 7 May had been targeted precisely because it had been rebroadcasting Yugoslav signals - although the French insist they were never told the building was the Chinese Embassy. [1][2][3] Negotiations leading up to the signing of the document took place between 27 May and 2 June. Battle of Vukovar; In the early morning, the square was already filled with a substantial crowd. `That was great targeting we put two JDAMs down into the attache's office and took out the exact room we wanted they (the Chinese) won't be using that place for rebro (re-broadcasting radio transmissions) any more, and it will have given that bastard Arkan a headache.'. Date: 1991 - 1992: Location: Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia. I said it a month ago even when the Bolsheviks didn't believe me and I'll say it again right this moment: today, in front of our righteous Prince [referring to the statue of Prince Mihailo Obrenovi that dominates the square, and especially in a few moments when we start marching on TV Bastille, we will show Serbian heart and we will show Serbian persistence. The police is at every entrance of Republic Square. Belgrade Investbank 1991 chess tournament: games, results, players, statistics and PGN download The police had been in the streets since early morning. 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