Accordingly, a balance between demand for photoassimilates and photochemical activity is necessary. a Left panel: PCR analysis of Pi2 in the BC2F2 generation; Right panel: PCR analysis of Pi2 in the BC2F3 generation; b Left panel: PCR analysis of Xa23 in the BC2F2 generation; Right panel: PCR analysis of Xa23 in the BC2F3 generation. The results of our recent NGS (transcriptome) study on the screening and identification of novel genes involved in the most drought-resistant Malaysian rice variety identified thousands of up- and downregulated novel genes involved in more than one hundred different pathways (personal communication, Sahebi et al. Hur Y.J., Cho J.H., Park H.S., Noh T.H., Park D.S., Lee J.Y., Sohn Y.B., Shin D., Song Y.C., Kwon Y.U., et al. However, rice is considered one of the most drought-susceptible plants due to its small root system, thin cuticular wax, and swift stomatal closure [10]. Shehab G. G., Ahmed O. K., El-Beltagi H. S. Effects of various chemical agents for alleviation of drought stress in rice plants (. Palanog A. D., Swamy B. P. M., Shamsudin N. A. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. The donor parents were BL6, carrying the blast resistance gene Pi2, IRBB5, carrying the BB resistance gene xa5, and CBB23, carrying the BB resistance gene Xa23. Hence, crop breeders will be able to increase crop yields using the latest gene network information and tools for plant improvement [18]. Blum A. Drought resistance is it really a complex trait? and transmitted securely. An elite water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR), Hanhui3, is susceptible to blast and bacterial blight (BB). IRRI breeders use a breeding method known as marker-assisted breeding. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Wu J.H., Jiang J.S., Chen H.L., Wang S.P. PubMed Central Identified QTLs responsible for drought stress may not be stable in different environmental conditions. doi: 10.1093/icb/45.5.685. Among various metabolic processes, photosynthesis is a vital complex process during drought stress. Chen G., Komatsuda T., Ma J. F., et al. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. Incorporating drought tolerance as a rice breeding objective Clarify the ways in which water shortage reduces grain yield in rice. Using models to understand relationships between genotype and phenotype in plants offers an effective platform to create new interactions between genomics/genetics and plant physiology [186]. The site is secure. Just in case of rice, some eighty million farmers are acting on acting on are drought prone, with drought alone accounting for AN 18-Mt annual reduction in production. In order to combine the disease-resistant genes Pi2, xa5, and Xa23 with drought-tolerant traits, we used the following breeding strategy: 1. the introgression of disease-resistant genes into a water-saving and drought-resistant rice background; 2. the use of conventional breeding to directly select for yield under drought screening to maintain drought resistance; 3. the application of MAS for the foreground selection of disease resistance genes; and 4. the utilization of a 56 K rice array for the background selection to obtain the improved NIL with the highest RPG. A hypermorphic mutation in the protein phosphatase 2C HAB1 strongly affects ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Activation of Glucosidase via Stress-Induced Polymerization Rapidly Increases Active Pools of Abscisic Acid. Feature Mapping these transcription factors to individual chromosomes eased the removal of redundancies and facilitated the identification of 89 WRKY genes in japonica and 97 in wild type O. nivara (Figure 3). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the An official website of the United States government. Fleury D., Jefferies S., Kuchel H., Langridge P. Genetic and genomic tools to improve drought tolerance in wheat. Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2, with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two cellular signal transduction pathways in drought- and low-temperature-responsive gene expression, respectively, in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the interval of the QTL may span several candidate genes with causal influences on the trait. The recurrent parent genome (RPG) was calculated using the following formula: RPG (%) = (R + 1/2H) 100/P, where P = the total number of parental polymorphic markers screened, R = the number of markers showing homozygosity for the recurrent parent allele, and H = the number of markers showing heterozygosity for the parental allele. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266087. Lu W., Chu X., Li Y., Wang C., Guo X. Alternatively, different responses to environmental changes may be due to the genotype; for example, larger root systems are less affected by nutrient deficit and water shortage than are small root systems. The * indicates a significant difference compared with the performance of controls at * p < 0.05. Introduction: Rice is a major crop in Assam, North East (NE) India. Tang L., Cai H., Ji W., et al. Fourteen days after inoculation, lesion lengths were measured in the 25 inoculated leaves (five leaves from five plants per plot). Tanford C. The hydrophobic effect and the organization of living matter. Decreases in chlorophyll content and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) have been observed in several studies on rice under drought stress [133, 168]. The recurrent parent genome (RPG) recoveries of the NILs were arranged from 88.6% to 94.2%. Front Plant Sci. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Japonica cv. Twenty-five days after heading, the panicle blast of 100 panicles in each plot was investigated. Genetic, physiological, morphological, and ecological events and their multifaceted interactions are involved in cell division, enlargement, and differentiation and affect plant growth. Kato Y., Hirotsu S., Nemoto K., Yamagishi J. 2014 Oct 14;9(10):e109574. Modelling has been successfully used for leaf growth in maize [93]. You are accessing a machine-readable page. Box 795, Burundi. Similarly, duplications of OnWKRY40, OnWRKY46, OnWRKY50, and OnWRKY52 could be found in O. Nivara on chromosome 11. The reduction in chlorophyll content may occur because stress impairs pigment degradation or pigment biosynthetic networks and increases lipid peroxidation and the loss of the chloroplast membrane. This phenomenon occurs because drought induces the degradation of the D1 polypeptide, causing the inactivation of the PSII reaction centre. Molecular breeding for the development of blast and bacterial blight resistance in rice cv. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Blum A (1999) Towards standard assays of drought resistance in crop plants. Genetic background assay and phenotype of the improved NIL. The urgent need to improve Hanhui3 for blast and BB resistance has merited the present study, which capitalizes on the availability of closely linked markers for the blast resistance gene Pi2 and the BB resistance genes xa5 and Xa23, and the application of inexpensive rice arrays for background selection. The rows were surrounded by the blast-susceptible cultivar Yuanfengzao to ensure uniformity in the spreading of the blast infection. These antioxidants are vital ROS-scavenging components in crops, and their expression increases drought tolerance in rice [179]. The breeding of resistant cultivars is a cost-cutting and environmentally friendly strategy to maintain a sustainable high production level. Li-Feng L., Hong-Liang Z., Ping M., Yan-Ying Q., Zi-Chao L. Construction and evaluation of near-isogenic lines for major QTLs of basal root thickness and 1000-grain-weight in lowland and upland rice. Although the mechanisms by which rice adapts to drought stress have been studied extensively, collectively, these data can also help understand the mechanism of the drought response and improve drought tolerance in rice [15]. Google Scholar, Fukai S, Basnayake J, Cooper M (2001) Modelling water availability, crop growth, and yield of rainfed lowland rice genotypes in northeast Thailand. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. OnWKRY39 and OnWRKY66 seem to be duplicated in O. Nivara and have tandem repeats on chromosome 2. 7: 1726. The results showed that the maximum RPG of the improved NILs was 94.2%, which is higher than the theoretical values. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in It was originally developed for irrigated condition; hence, this variety suffers high yield decline under drought. Some of the major quantitative trait loci that have been discovered for drought tolerance were recently introgressed into aromatic varieties. Gu J.-F., Qiu M., Yang J.-C. Water deficit also induces soluble sugar accumulation [132, 133, 171]. Breeding rice varieties with tolerance to drought stress offers an economically viable and sustainable option to improve rice productivity ( Pandey and Shukla, 2015 ). Genome-wide identification of WRKY family genes and their response to cold stress in. Drought tolerance in rice is a complex trait collectively determined by numerous component traits. The new PMC design is here! Wakim L. M., Waithman J., van Rooijen N., Heath W. R., Carbone F. R. Dendritic cell-induced memory T cell activation in nonlymphoid tissues. Afr J Biotechnol 8(9):17401749, CAS A comprehensive research programme or a multidisciplinary method of integrating the physiology of drought tolerance traits with genomics and genetic tools, including quantitative trait loci, suppression subtractive hybridization, microarrays, and different transgenic crops is needed to enhance drought tolerance in rice. Chen H.Q., Chen Z.X., Ni S., Zuo S.M., Pan X.B., Zhu X.D. The senior author (Mahbod Sahebi) would like to express sincere gratitude to the Universiti Putra Malaysia for providing the Higher Institution Centers of Excellence (HICoE) research Grant (HICoE-ITAFoS/2017/FC6, vote no. A co-dominant sequence-tagged site (STS), marker PB9-1, which is linked to the Pi2 gene, was developed for marker-assisted selection (MAS) [15]. Khush G.S. The application of RNA-Seq, which involves NGS technology, has several advantages in the examination of transcriptome structure, such as the discovery of splice junctions and allele-specific expression [119], and NGS may provide high-throughput sequencing results directly from the RNA of stress-challenged tissues from different genotypes. Azizi P., Rafii M. Y., Mahmood M., et al. Therefore, recovering the water-saving and drought-resistant traits present in Hanhui3, while simultaneously introgressing the disease resistance of the donor parents, was particularly challenging in this breeding strategy. Because some disease resistance genes display partial dominant or recessive resistance, their heterozygotes show moderate resistance or can even be susceptible to disease [37,38,39]. The improved NIL could be useful to enhance resistance against biotic stressors and produce stable grain yields in Oryza sativa subspecies indica rice breeding programs. The fine mapping of a drought response can isolate a QTL region spanning many genes. Enzymatic antioxidants include catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) [178]. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly performed the research and analyzed the data. Many WRKY genes play positive or negative regulatory roles in plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses [152]. Transcriptional profiling based on NGS technology will likely be used to identify candidate drought tolerance genes from major crop species and subsequently utilize them in molecular breeding or genetics and genomics. volume3,pages 3240 (2014)Cite this article. Lorenzana R. E., Bernardo R. Accuracy of genotypic value predictions for marker-based selection in biparental plant populations. Presently, more than thirty-eight genes are known to confer resistance against BB, and seven of these genes (Xa1, xa5, xa13, Xa21, Xa23, Xa26, and Xa27) have been successfully cloned (http://www.ricedata.cn/gene/gene_xa.htm, accessed on 29 August 2022). Accurate phenotyping is critical to screen for superior core mapping populations/collections to identify the most relevant QTLs and isolate candidate gene(s) used in plant breeding. Konopka-Postupolska D., Clark G., Goch G., et al. An Arabidopsis glutathione peroxidase functions as both a redox transducer and a scavenger in abscisic acid and drought stress responses. Breeding and utilization of Water-saving and Drought-resistant rice restorer line Hanhui3. Yu X.Q., Liu G.L., Li M.S., Pan Z.Q., Zhang A.N., Zhu J.L., Luo L.J. MeSH Pandey V., Shukla A. Acclimation and Tolerance Strategies of Rice under Drought Stress. QTLs and genes for breeding flood-tolerant rice varieties. Tuberosa R. Phenotyping for drought tolerance of crops in the genomics era. Marker assisted breeding of Chinese elite rice cultivar 9311 for disease resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight and tolerance to submergence. Contents 1 Dehydration stress 1.1 Crop plants 1.2 Global phenomenon 1.3 Future challenges to crop production 1.4 Plant physiology 1.5 Other stress factors 2 Mechanisms of Drought Resistance 2.1 Avoidance those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Miah G., Rafii M.Y., Ismail M.R., Puteh A.B., Rahim H.A., Latif M.A. Polyamines: ubiquitous polycations with unique roles in growth and stress responses. Crop Sci 43:14571469, Article Genomics assisted breeding approaches to improve drought tolerance in rice. Five plants in the middle rows of the plots were measured for their agronomic traits. PubMed Jiao P, Wei X, Jiang Z, Liu S, Guan S, Ma Y. A wide range of candidate genes responsible for drought tolerance can be identified via important advances in model plant species. Because of inherent limitations associated with mapping populations, linkage analysis-based QTL mapping cannot offer detailed information about QTLs. Drought and salinity stresses are significant abiotic factors that limit rice yield. GeoJournal 35:307324, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492 012, CG, India, You can also search for this author in Chamarthi S., Kumar A., Vuong T., et al. eCollection 2022. Funct Plant Biol 37:8597, Rosielle AA, Hamblin J (1981) Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Chen Z., Zhang H., Jablonowski D., et al. In the present research programme, the stress responsive genes were identified within the QTLs associated with drought tolerance. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071726, Ndikuryayo, Cyprien, Alexis Ndayiragije, Newton Kilasi, and Paul Kusolwa. Currently, enzymes involved in C4 crop photosynthesis have been introduced into rice to alter photosynthesis and plant productivity in response to stress. Field Crops Res 109:123, Kumar A, Bernier J, Verulkar S, Lafitte HR, Atlin GN (2008) Breeding for drought tolerance: direct selection for yield, response to selection and use of drought-tolerant donors in upland and lowland-adapted populations. Learn more Overexpression of GsZFP1 enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Verslues P. E., Guo Y., Dong C.-H., Ma W., Zhu J.-K. Mutation of SAD2, an importin. Transcription factor CBF4 is a regulator of drought adaptation in Arabidopsis. Important roles of drought- and cold-inducible genes for galactinol synthase in stress tolerance in. Two CMS lines, Huhan7A and Huhan5A, have good yields and rice qualities but are susceptible to blast and BB; Huhan7A and Huhan5A were used as the maternal parents to produce the hybrid rice. There are three main approaches to improve drought tolerance in rice and other crops: (i) experience-based selection for rice varieties with high yields under water deficit: this method has been widely used, and the excellent morphology of new cultivars is evidence of the success of this method. Selection suitable germplasm based on target environment, which possibly leads to release majority of loci related to tolerance, is the next issue. The transcriptional landscape of the yeast genome defined by RNA sequencing. Breeding for water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) in China. Lum M. S., Hanafi M. M., Rafii Y. M. Effect of drought stress on growth, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of upland rice. A recent study has demonstrated that rice can promote PA biosynthesis, especially the free forms of Spm and Spd, and conjugate them into insoluble forms in leaves previously exposed to drought stress [185]. Involvement of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase for improved tolerance against drought stress. Figure 1 illustrates the crossing scheme used to pyramid Pi2, xa5, and Xa23 into Hanhui3. The main agronomic traits of the improved NIL and its derived hybrids were similar or superior to those of the controls. The spikelet fertility of 7A/R3-1 was 88.19%, which was significantly higher than that of 7A/Hanhui3. The authors declare that they have no competing interest. Decreases in Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content have been observed less frequently in autotetraploid lines than in their corresponding diploid lines under drought stress, suggesting that autotetraploid rice is more tolerant of drought stress [169]. Hoekstra F. A., Golovina E. A., Buitink J. three adaptive mechanisms have been confirmed for rice under drought stress: (i) osmotic adjustment in roots, if possible, in conditions with a relatively small soil water reservoir, (ii) increased root penetration into the soil, and (iii) increased root density, depth, and the root-to-shoot ratio in conditions with a relatively large soil water This study was conducted to introgress three resistance genes (Pi2, xa5, and Xa23) for blast and BB into Hanhui3, using marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the foreground selection and a whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for the background selection. Drought- and salt-tolerant plants result from overexpression of the AVP1 H+-pump. The initial report regarding the role of proline role was made in 1954, when Kemble and MacPherson studied free proline accumulation in rye grasses exposed to stress [173]. These traits are governed by many genes with huge environmental interactions, with low heritability, and thus are difficult to investigate. The shovelomics method has been used in common bean breeding to select for essential root traits for nutrient use efficiency and drought tolerance (Lynch, 2007; Richardson et al., 2011). Saijo Y., Hata S., Kyozuka J., Shimamoto K., Izui K. Over-expression of a single Ca2+-dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants. Ecophysiological models and the precise measurement of environmental variables may address the problems posed by nonstable QTLs under different environmental conditions. These hybrids are widely grown in arid areas in southern China. An official website of the United States government. Anjum S. A., Xie X.-Y., Wang L.-C., Saleem M. F., Man C., Lei W. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. Yadaw R. B., Dixit S., Raman A., et al. prior to publication. Kasuga M., Miura S., Shinozaki K., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. A combination of the Arabidopsis DREB1A gene and stress-inducible rd29A promoter improved drought- and low-temperature stress tolerance in tobacco by gene transfer. Marker-assisted backcross breeding was employed to transfer Pi2, xa5, and Xa23 genes into the genetic background of Hanhui3. Plant Growth Regul 29:123133, Ramirez-Vallejo P, Kelly JD (1998) Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Blast and bacterial blight resistance of the improved NIL and its derived hybrids. Our results suggested that the integration of conventional breeding, MAS, and rice 56 K array technology in backcross breeding ensures accuracy when transferring the desired genes to the recipient parent and reduces the number of backcrossing cycles, compared with conventional backcross breeding when seeking to improve multiple traits. The plant response is complex and difficult to understand unless a thorough study of the genetic and physiological bases of these responses is conducted. Being a semiaquatic crop, rice gets severely affected by even moderate intensities of drought and varying levels of yield decline can be seen depending on the variety being grown. MDPI and/or Therefore, the development of rapid and cheap measures to characterize drought response components will effectively improve genetic resolution. from publication: Breeding Rice for Drought-Prone Environments | A large . A., Ramankutty N., Brauman K. A., et al. Additionally, they regulate ionic homeostasis and osmotic potential and stabilize membranes. An efficient breeding program using precise phenotyping and genotyping, rapid breeding cycle (RGA), and genomic selection (GS) may enhance the potential of genetic gain under drought and nonstress conditions to meet the demand of rice production in marginal environments of Bangladesh. Zhu J., Gong Z., Zhang C., et al. The procedure involves separating the phenotypes of the plants and their responses to environmental factors into fundamental and simple responses [92]. The columns symbolize chromosomes with the name of genes shown on the right. - 85.17.88.170. Expression of barley HvCBF4 enhances tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic rice. Honsdorf N., March T. J., Berger B., Tester M., Pillen K. High-throughput phenotyping to detect drought tolerance QTL in wild barley introgression lines. Jossier M., Kroniewicz L., Dalmas F., et al. Identification of QTLs controlling rice drought tolerance at seedling stage in hydroponic culture. Several important mapped QTLs, as well as major genes related to abiotic stress tolerance, such as drought tolerance in rice and other crops, are available at (http://www.plantstress.com/biotech/index.asp?Flag=1). However, the panicle length of 7A/R3-1 was 25.72 cm, which was longer than that of 7A/Hanhui3, and the differences were significant.