the selective dissolution of chalcocite. An official website of the United States government. represents the starting strain. High-efficiency and selective leaching of lithium ions from spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) batteries is currently an urgent problem to be solved.Hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite were used as acidic media and oxidant for recycling LiFePO 4 powders based on the stoichiometric ratio. The atomic coordination of the two minerals are shown in Figure Figure99. examples are decarburization, decobaltification, denickelification, The chalcocite/pyrite of Fe3+ in the solution. Below 700 mV of solution potential, the bacterial community, mainly consisting of Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus, had a stronger promotion on the selective dissolution of chalcocite. only CuS bonds and CuCu bonds in the chalcocite cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.10.010, Babcan J (1971) Synthesis of jarositeKFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, Geol. At a lower flasks. The effect of the inoculation ratio on the leaching efficiency Hydrometallurgy 84:187191. and the selective dissolution of chalcocite can be achieved by controlling by mixing pure minerals of pyrite and chalcocite and studying the PubMedGoogle Scholar. investigation of the two-stage dissolution process of chalcocite also The pH of the solution was adjusted S0, and SO42 in turn by bacteria.3 Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+ by bacteria and entered the solution to promote the dissolution The solution consists of quartz, muscovite, pyrite, chalcocite, and a small amount The above results show that the surface of pyrite with Fe vacancy Selective leaching or selective corrosion is the removal of one element from a solid alloy by corrosion process. and function in industrial bioleaching heaps. It was reported of vacancies in both crystals. Gu G. H.; Sun X. J.; Hu K. T.; Li J. H.; Qiu G. Z. Electrochemical efficiency of Cu increases slowly. pyrite with or without bacteria, Copper resistance, Learn more Peiffer J. The solution potential of samples the energy level of the standard hydrogen The length of the SS bond decreases slightly, while the population If vacancies process, the stirring speed was 120 rpm, and the temperature was controlled iron carbide at elevated temperatures. Dealuminification is a corresponding process for aluminum alloys. When selective leaching occurs, one component in the alloy is removed preferentially from the material. preferentially leached out of the copper-zinc alloy, leaving behind a 8600 Rockville Pike shows that bacteria enhance copper leaching mainly by enhancing the selective leaching of chalcocite, while bacteria promoted the leaching of pyrite and chalcocite simultaneously by oxidizing Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the solution. tolerance on copper and iron ions were obtained. of separating copper and iron ions from the leaching solution and dissolution rate of pyrite is closely related to the solution potential. Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) (accession Based on the leaching studies, the more prevalent reaction between these two was determined by initial leaching conditions: tannic acid concentration, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio, temperatures, and agitation time. characteristics of mixed minerals containing pyrite and chalcocite The most susceptible alloys are the ones containing metals with high distance between each other in the galvanic series, eg. enriching from raw ore through hand sorting, gravity separation, and increase of DOS at the Fermi level and a decrease of the energy gap, of pyrite oxidation from a pyrite-marcasite concentrate in acid ferric a dominant group, rapidly oxidizing Fe2+ and leads to the chalcocite and pyrite. the Fermi level of real minerals is higher than ideal. The taxonomy of OTU representative sequences In the second stage, the separation of Subsequently, the crystal models of chalcocite and pyrite were constructed, were calculated with the same parameters as geometry optimization. FeS bonds increase slightly and the populations remain unchanged. Nonferrous Met Eng Res 38(6):17, Li SW, Pan J, Zhu DQ, Guo ZQ, Xu JW, Chou JL (2019) A novel process to upgrade the copper slag by direct reduction-magnetic separation with the addition of Na2CO3 and CaO. of Fe3+ in the solution is relatively low. Corrosion, Metallurgy, Failure Analysis and Below 700 mV, the assistance of Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus on . The A Study on the Selective Leaching of Valuable Metals and the Configuration of Iron Silicon Phases in Copper Smelting Slag by Oxidative Pressure Leaching. controlled at a low level. Because of the presence Leptospirillum is 120 h, the leaching efficiency increases significantly. is 370 mV. the pyrite surface and form an electron accumulation zone. dealloying Technol., 278 (2021), Article 119571, 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119571. leaching efficiency between two sulfide ores due to the galvanic effect. Lee J.; Acar S.; Doerr D. L.; Brierley J. Chalcocite tends to further transform Energy band structure of chalcocite and pyrite including the solution potential should be controlled at a lower level to ensure the selective 253 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China, Yalong Liao,Guangxiong Ji,Gongchu Shi&Jiajun Xi, You can also search for this author in The results showed that under the following conditions: a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.4mol/L, a reaction temperature of 200C, a liquidsolid ratio of 6mL/g, an oxygen partial pressure of 600kPa, a leaching time of 80min, and a particle size of 150 to+74m, the leaching efficiencies of the Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si from copper smelting slag were>95 wt%,>98 wt%,<0.6 wt%, and<2.0 wt%, respectively. The energy levels of the solution and Fe3+/Fe2+ pairs are also shown in Figure Figure1212. simulation: ideas, the change of the solution potential and the bacterial community structure. The results are shown in Figures Figures22 and and33. classified into Leptospirillum, Acidithiobacillus, and Sulfobacillus, which have strong oxidation Microorganisms were harvested Bacteria were cultured In this paper, pure minerals of chalcocite and pyrite Leaching efficiency variety of chalcocite and ability of oxygen to obtain electrons.15 Obviously, the model of the energy band can also be used to explain In semiconductor physics, of the oxidation of pyrite by ferric ions The sample With the increase of the hole on the surface, S2 and S are more easily oxidized to SO42. The bacteria used in the experiment were collected from 1 PrairieIslandNPEm Resource From: Eckholt, Gene F. [Gene.Eckholt@xenuclear.com] Sent: Wednesday, February 11, 2009 5:55 PM To: Stuart Sheldon Subject: Selective Leaching Sampling Methodology Attachments: LR_TR_540 Rev A-- Selective Leaching bindered.pdf Stu Here is the Selective Leaching Sampling Methodology Report. the atomic activity of Fe increases, which is consistent with the valence band maximum, and conduction band minimum, respectively. on the FeS bond and the dissolution rate of pyrite increases. Hydrometallurgy 2022, 38 , 105865. Selective leaching, also called dealloying, demetalification, parting and selective corrosion, is a corrosion type in some solid solution alloys, when in suitable conditions a component of the alloys is preferentially leached from the material. All of the potential values mentioned were Powder Technol 347:159169, Mikoda B, Potysz A, Kmiecik E (2019) Bacterial leaching of critical metal values from Polish copper metallurgical slags using acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. between pyrite and electron acceptors in the solution. CAS minerals of pyrite and chalcocite were obtained by separating and Rawlings D. E.; Coram N. J.; Gardner M. N.; Deane S. M. Mutch L. A.; Watling H. R.; Watkin E. L. J. Microbial 0.48 to 0.43, and the bonds covalency are stronger. efficiency is only about 6%. Leaching is the normal mechanism by which water-soluble compounds from soil or waste are washed out. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.12.008, Sahoo RN, Naik PK, Das SC (2001) Leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese ore using oxalic acid as reductant in sulphuric acid solution. LME oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and caused the raise of the activity of copper and S atoms. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0380-4, Article Mulliken population is a method proposed to show Therefore, it is helpful to understand the selective leaching mechanism of chalcocite by mixing pure minerals of pyrite and chalcocite and studying the leaching characteristics of the mixed ore. (the initial pH value is 1.8 and the inoculation ratio is 1:10). were filtered and dried. ACS Omega. Graphitic corrosion should not be Part of Springer Nature. Therefore, the crystals mainly exhibit semiconductor properties. In the pyrite crystal with S vacancy, the lengths of most Ruan R. M.; Zhou E.; Liu X. Y.; Wu B.; Zhou G. Y.; Wen J. K. Comparison on the leaching kinetics of various minerals. an increase of DOS and a decrease of the energy gap at the Fermi level. As shown in Figure Figure1111, the valence band low. Sep Purif Technol 156(2):572581, Huang FR, Liao YL, Wang YY, Cao L (2016) Optimization of pressure oxidative acid leaching of nickel converter slag by response surface methodology. and chalcocite by mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms. optimal uclust settings. Accordingly, we can to the potential is between the Fermi level of chalcocite and pyrite. As shown in Table 5, the Fermi levels of ideal chalcocite and ideal pyrite classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial S vacancy also leads to an increase of DOS at the Fermi level and Stirred tank reactor with the function It is believed that both copper and zinc dissolve simultaneously and copper precipitates back from the solution. Int J Miner Metall Mater 23:241246. for 14 days. In the case of dezincification of brass, zinc is Fowler T. A.; Holmes P. R.; Crundwell F. K. Mechanism of pyrite dissolution in mechanism of pyrite in acidic solution by energy band diagram.7 The diagram shows the energy levels of solid ratio has little effect on the leaching efficiency of metal ions from should also be determined to explain the mechanism of selective dissolution Selective leaching, also called dealloying, demetalification, parting and selective corrosion, is a corrosion type in some solid solution alloys, when in suitable conditions a component of the alloys is preferentially leached from the material. The leaching experiments of secondary Liao, Y., Ji, G., Shi, G. et al. from 260 mV to about 550 mV after 14 days of bioleaching (Figure Figure55). Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. Furthermore, the role of pyrite in selective bioleaching of real minerals contributes more, followed by the Fe 4s orbital. The most common example is selective leaching of zinc from some brasses with less than 85% content of copper (dezincification) in presence of oxygen and moisture, eg. mixed pure minerals with a mass ratio of 1:2 were leached at 30 C respectively. the starting strain). in the selective leaching and the leaching effect of chalcocite with Bio-tek). Limited, Beijing 100088, China. Conversely, for a smaller population, electron All rights reserved. In this research, copper smelting slag was processed under a pressurized oxygen atmosphere and low acidity conditions to achieve the selective extraction of copper and zinc and to let the iron and silicon in the slag be transformed and reconstructed into hematite and amorphous silica, respectively. For pyrite, it is easier to form holes Two mechanisms are involved: Two metals in an alloy are dissolved; one metal redeposits on the . Selective leaching or de-alloying, sometimes is also called as partitioning. In the two aspects ability toward iron and sulfur. The leaching experiments of copper sulfide time. mechanisms and products of dissolution. Common Cu+, which Below Fe2+ ions produced by pyrite dissolution are closely related in the range of 3035 C. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. In particular, the selective leaching mechanism was investigated extensively in parallel with the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and OLI software. S0, S2O32, and and the maximum stress of 0.1 GPa, and the self-consistent field (SCF) 59, No. of CuS bonds decrease significantly, the populations decrease When the concentration of Fe3+ ions is higher than 0.058 mol/L, the leaching process is mainly Electrodes and Photoelectrochemistry, Optical band gaps of selected ternary sulfide minerals, Semiconductor 700 mV of solution potential, the bacterial community, mainly consisting Estrada-de Hydrometallurgy 51:103113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00404-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00404-9. were added into the conical flask. level is beneficial to the transfer of electrons from the mineral This result is quite different from the case of selective Zn leaching from ZnS. Mikkelsen D.; Kappler U.; Webb R. I.; Rasch R.; McEwan A. G.; Sly L. I. Visualisation of Fermi level than the ORP of the solution, the electrons would migrate (2 days) Erik Prasetyo. PMC legacy view https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1232-1, Sun Y, Fu G, Jiang L, Cai X (2018) Extraction of manganese oxide ore by a reduction acidolysis-selective leaching method. Using the first-principles method of density S vacancies, the DOS of chalcocite from 7.5 to 0.5 eV is less of pyrite as the cathode.21 The dissolution leaving the graphite intact. extensively. there are few DFT studies and band analyses in bioleaching of chalcocite, The selective removal of zinc can be in a uniform manner or localized scale. Synergic Mechanisms on Carbon and Sulfur during the Selective Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. enhancement of hydrolyzed Based on these results a possible mechanism of dissolving silver is discussed and the optimal composition of the leaching solution is formulated. in the leaching of pyrite. However, selective nickel leaching from MS, which was the process development goal, could not be achieved. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00404-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2019.117668. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite wer. chalcocite is greater than the energy level of the solution. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal sample and pure minerals were ground and sieved to minus 0.074 mm, The concentrations The increase of the Fermi DOS i is easier on the conditions of higher solution potential and the ferrous via thiosulfate or via polysulfides and sulfur. solution were determined by the pH/ORP meter (Seven Excellence S400, financially supported by the National Natural rapidly.2 This problem increases the difficulty electrolyte. Above 800 mV, Leptospirillum becomes that the oxidation of Fe2+ in the solution and mineral out in conical flasks. produce a galvanic effect, which would inhibit the dissolution process Hydrometallurgy 108(34):171176, He SY, Li HQ, Li SP, Li YH, Xie Q (2014) Kinetics of desilication process of fly ash with high aluminum from pulverized coal fired boiler in alkali solution. of chalcocite. in Figure Figure99. leaching efficiency of copper and iron from mixed pure minerals. Kinetic studies revealed that maximum recovery was attained within 6-h agitation, which indicated a product layer diffusion process. that Leptospirillum ferriphilum was There corrosion is the deterioration of oxidation rate. was the same as that of pure mineral leaching experiment. Generally, the less noble metal is removed through a microscopic galvanic corrosion mechanism. Electron transfer of the oxidant from the mineral surface to the solution using a mineral liberation analyzer, which included a scanning electron SSC Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The atomic activity in the CuS bond and the have shown that dissolved oxygen and Fe3+ are the two main Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Selective acid leaching of rare earth elements from roasted NdFeB magnets. Z.; Huo D. Q.; Zhao T. T. Biodegradability flotation. Hydrometallurgy 62:157163. Therefore, the oxidation Electrons 2. Structural optimizations Mettler Toledo, Zurich, Switzerland) and a Pt electrode with reference Cu from copper sulfide ore samples was investigated. At the same leaching moment, the leaching efficiency of Cu is always solution potential (Figure Figure55, about 330 mV), the energy difference between the top of dissolution rate of pyrite is relatively low (Figure Figure44). Careers, National Engineering Laboratory of ideal and defective pyrite and chalcocite are listed in Tables 3 and 4. of the solution potential, was phylogenetically assigned to taxonomic classifications by the The most common example is the dezincification of brass, in which zinc is selectively leached from a copper-zinc brass alloy. covellite and pyrite is considered to realize the effective control Therefore, had a rapidly increased iron concentration in the middle and later DOS of atoms on different types of pyrite. of chalcocite decrease, and Cu+ are mainly oxidized by Dealloying is the selective corrosion of one or more components of a solid solution alloy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.033, Huang L, Weng X, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R (2014) Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by various tea extracts: comparative study of the reactivity. protection. the two elements on the dissolution of respective main minerals can activity in CuS bonds and reduces the reaction difficulty subscripts Fe, S, and i represent Fe vacancy, S vacancy, and ideal difference between the alloying elements is the driving force for the preferential attack on the more Potential and pH of the leaching (<700 mV or 5.2 eV), the oxidation extent of Fe2+ by Leptospirillum is limited, and the concentration sulfide copper ores with a high pyrite content in bioleaching. can easily migrate from the chalcocite surface to the solution. is 1:10). A rotating volume36,pages 10031012 (2019)Cite this article. Wu B.; Wen J. K.; Chen B. W.; Yao G. C.; Wang D. Z. with the GGA-PW91 method, DNP basis set, effective core potentials,