It was the engineers and the materials scientists whose work first alerted the theorists to the problem of anomalous specific heats and to the curious features of the black-body radiation spectrum. Its that it assumes a spatially localized mechanism and a spatially localized part of a human that meet or join in a topologically simple way, in a plane or a plug and socket, perhaps like a usb port in ones temple. Of course Ive encountered obstacles to collaboration across boundaries, but the world as I see it is one in which those obstacles are usually little more than annoyances, impediments easily overcome with a bit of effort. We still cannot prevent an earthquake or a tsunami, but we can predict them, and we can build office towers and bridges that can survive an earthquake, sea walls that can control storm surges, and warning systems that can give people time to take refuge. A risk analysis is only as good as ones catalog of possible outcomes, and history teaches us that we do a very poor job of anticipating many of the most important. We talked about new technologies for growing artificial human tissue with embedded, nanoscale, biocompatible wiring, which implies a deep integration of electronics and computing of a kind that annihilates the distinction between human and the machine, perhaps also the distinction between the natural and the artificial. Promotion of the common good should be the guiding principle. The Challenge for the Philosopher, On the Pseudoproblem of Interdisciplinarity, The Liberal, Environmentalist Argument for the Keystone Pipeline, Chester Dawson and Arthur Gold. And you can buy the book through the University of Notre Dame Press: Don Howard is a Professor of http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/index.html, (Originally written for presentationas part of a panel discussion on Machine/Human Interface at the 2013 Fall conference, Fearfully and Wonderfully Made: The Body and Human Identity, Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture, 8 November 2013.). Line 6B Phase 2 Replacement Project. 2014. Science and technology play a powerful role in structuring our world, in everything from our physical environment to our culture. Copyright 2022 But the nations of the world have yet to evince either the political will or the technical capability to shift us to a totally green energy economy in the near future. But the interim agreement requires no such reduction. However, we found ourselves, by the force of events, during the last five years, in the position of a small group of citizens cognizant of a grave danger for the safety of this country as well as for the future of all the other nations, of which the rest of mankind is unaware. That being so, the silence on the part of other governments and the lack of protest from NGOs, professional associations, and other stakeholders means that we are allowing a precedent to be set that could have the effect of legitimating such assassinations as part of customary law. Moreover, other producer nations, like Saudia Arabia, are far more heavily affected by oil price declines, so if there are to be production cutbacks, those are far more likely to occur with other sources of oil. Many fond memories, among thema state visit by Queen Noor of Jordan, and our being serenaded by Benedict one afternoon as he practiced a Beethoven sonata on the piano. . Yet many people resist the idea. And whose pain or pleasure counts for more? He also established two other endowments in true representation of his broad range of interests: John D. Reilly Endowment for Excellence in support of the Reilly Collection of Old Master Drawings and James J. Reilly Endowment for Excellence in Engineering. The solution is at hand. Second, the pipeline carries both heavy shale oil and light crude, along with dilbit, which is shale oil diluted by lighter materials that are typical by-products of natural gas production. Watkins, Kevin 2012. If we have the means to save one million lives a year, and we do, then we must do all that we can as quickly as we can to bring about that change. Its not just that such analyses can be manipulated to serve any end. You can download the full paper here: Physics as Theodicy The problem for us, today, is that plugs, and ports, and all such interfaces are already an inelegant technology that represents no more than a transitional form, one that will soon seem as quaint as a crank starter for an automobile, a dial on a telephone, or broadcast television. The technical infrastructure for creating the Borg Collective has arrived. Add to the list the amputee just returned from Afghanistan, the brilliant mind trapped in a body crippled by cerebral palsy, your octagenarian grandparents, and your teenaged son on his way home from a party. And, at present, Iran has agreed to no degradation of this potential plutonium production capability. Sometime over the weekend of September 28-29, Mojtaba Ahmadi, a specialist in cyber-defense and the Commander of Irans Cyber War Headquarters, was found dead with two bullets to the heart. That being so, demand for fossil fuels, especially oil and natural gas, will remain strong for the foreseeable future. They now invite historians and sociologists to their meetings, and they try hard to be respectful, even as they struggle to figure out exactly how empirical evidence bearing on the actual practice of science is supposed to inform their philosophers questions. 41 likes. Moral evilconcerns suffering in consequence of the moral failings of human beings. An elaborate formal apparatus conveys the impression of rigor and theoretical sophistication, whereas the widely varying conclusions one can justify almost any policy one chooses suggest a high degree of subjectivity, if not outright, agenda-driven bias. Specialization and fragmentation are portrayed as the cause of a great cultural crisis. But oil will be needed for decades to come. Joseph Carrier, C.S.C., Science Medal; Nobel laureate Donna Strickland first recipient The question is not whether?, but when?. Semi-autonomous vehicles are already the norm, incorporating capabilities like adaptive cruise control and braking, rear-collision prevention, and self-parking. Does the suffering of the living count more heavily than the suffering of future generations? June 29, 2014. Weak inductive evidence for the new historiography is afforded by the fact that, curiously, philosophers of science began to overcome their fear of values talk at about the same time that the Berlin Wall came down. Moreover, we are learning that our microbes are crucial to much more than just digestion. When you are done with your shopping or your night on the town, click again and the driverless zip car shows up at the restaurant door. The Science, Technology, and Values program offers students the opportunity to acquire an interdisciplinary understanding of science and technology in modern societies, providing them with analytical and conceptual tools they need to confront the complex questions that arise at the intersection of science and society. They literally dont know what theyre talking about. Overland shipment is possible only by pipeline or rail. Contrast the AAAS stance with the so-called Franck Report, a remarkable document drawn up by refugee German physicist James Franck and colleagues at the University of Chicagos Metallurgical Laboratory (part of the Manhattan Project) in the spring of 1945 in a vain effort to dissuade the US government from using the atomic bomb in a surprise attack on a civilian target. The near-term professed aim of the work on nanoscale wiring implanted in synthetic tissue is to provide sensing and remote adjustment capabilities with implants. 2014. The John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, & Values explores conceptual, ethical, and policy issues where science and technology intersect with society from different disciplinary perspectives, to promote science that works for the greater good, according to its hallmark mission statement. Most would say that the unborn get some kind of vote. And, yes, there is also the threat of terrorist attacks, a really worrisome prospect in city centers. One estimates the costs and benefits from various courses of action and their conceivable outcomes, this typically in the form of human suffering and well-being, though other goods, like tactical or strategic advantage, might dominate in some contexts. Two additional factors increase the risk from rail transport. Cancer Drug Discovery Researcher Brittany Morgan brings the fun back into science Three Notre Dame physicists named Fellows of the American Physical Society Notre Dame continues to honor its commitment to Patient Advocacy College of Science introduces Rev. That must change if we are to solve the problem of carbon dioxide and methane emissions and associated, global climate change. My first degree was in physics, pursued within the designedly interdisciplinary, undergraduate, residential science studies college, Lyman Briggs College, at Michigan State University. All of the basic technical problems have been solved, although work is still to be done on problems like sensor reliability, robust GPS connections, and security against hacking. An EMT, even when off duty, is expected to help a heart attack victim precisely because he or she has knowledge, skills, and experience not common among the general public. This ability to see the big picture and navigate it strategically is invaluable infields such as law, the health professions, public service, the sciences, education, business, international development, industrial or academic research, and journalism. The Campaign for Global Road Safety. With that, the single largest impediment to the return of commercial business to our city centers is gone. Next, think about cataloging possible outcomes. It is named for the father of an alumnus whose gift launched and supports the Reilly Dual Degree Program in Arts and Letters and Engineering. (Enbridge 2014. That is most definitely not my view, for I believe that bad actors have to be dealt with firmly by all legal means. The Science, Technology, and Values program offers students the opportunity to acquire an interdisciplinary understanding of science and technology in modern societies, providing them with analytical and conceptual tools they need to confront the complex questions that arise at the intersection of science and society. http://www.makeroadssafe.org/publications/Documents/Rio_20_Report_lr.pdf, WHO 2013a. It simply wont do to stamp our feet and just say no. The technology will move forward at best only a little slowed down by fretting and harangue from the humanists. Who knows? The other factor increasing the risk from rail transport is that rail lines tend to pass right through the hearts of densely populated urban areas, whereas oil pipelines are deliberately constructed so as to avoid urban areas to the greatest extent possible. It establishes enduring, shared, microbial communities among people who more regularly group together, from families, friends, and office mates to church groups and neighborhoods. And there will be more such. There is no denying that much has been gained by way of Irans agreeing temporarily to cease uranium enrichment beyond the 5% level necessary for energy production and its agreeing to on-site inspections at its Fordow and Natanz facilities. We could not function as moral agents were there not some predictability in nature, including human nature and society. The point is simply this. Punch someone in anger and you are likely to cause pain and injury both to your victim and yourself. But the lesson from those episodes is not to abandon pipelines for rail transport. Science, Technology, and Values Minor at the University of Notre Dame. And one is hard pressed to find principled reasons for objecting to that conclusion. Bureau dEnqutes et dAnalyses pour la scurit de laviation civile. Should the remote possibility of creating a mini-black hole that would swallow the earth have stopped the search for the Higgs boson at CERN? What they had in common was that they devoted years to mastering the other relevant discipline before daring to think and work on both sides of the fence. Nothing in the interim agreement restricts Irans ability to continue developing other technologies essential to nuclear weapons production, such as timing circuitry, detonators, and refined conventional explosives techniques involved in the assembly of a critical mass of fissile material. Remember that I am, among other things, a historian of science. 5(5): . The John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values at the University of Notre Dame has released its annual list of emerging ethical dilemmas and policy issues in science and technology for 2015.. When real data are lacking, one tries reasoning by analogy to other, relevantly similar practices. But this would be less of a problem with pipeline shipment. And this transition entails only the most minimal economic cost, with no serious negative impact of any other kind. It is argued that breaching disciplinary walls is necessary for solving many of the problems that humankind faces, like anthropogenic climate change, the threat of artificial intelligence run amok, and endemic poverty and disease in less developed parts of the world, but that the silo structure of the modern academy stands in the way. The John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values brings the sciences and humanities together to explore the nature and impact of science and technology. Philosophy at the University of Just last fall, I learned of a new field of biomechatronics a synthesis of biomechanics, robotics, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence with its own new center at MIT. Those willing to do the hard work of mastering techniques and knowledge bases should be and are welcome, as when my Doktorvater, Abner Shimony,added to his Yale philosophy Ph.D. a Princeton physics Ph.D. under the direction of Eugene Wigner and went on to create the exciting and hugely important field of experimental tests of Bells theorem, straddling the division between experimental physics and philosophy. So there you have three reasons why the most rapid possible transition to a transportation system based on the driverless car is a moral imperative. Whats wrong with the interface metaphor? Cosponsored by the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Department of Anthropology, and the John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, and Values at the University of Notre Dame. So when the pundits tell you not to invest in new nuclear power generation technologies as the surest and quickest route to a green energy economy because there is a chance of a super-Fukushima nightmare, ignore them. They play a vital role in things like mood regulation, recent work pointing to connections between, say, depression and our gut bacteria colonies, microbial purges and transplants now being suggested as therapies for psychological disorders. Should adding Bluetooth make a big difference? Academic Recognition Weekend, The John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology, & Values, Robert M. and Ricki Conway Endowment for Excellence for the Performing Arts. of Notre Dame's Reilly Center That was a very smart move. It is, thus, hard to imagine economic circumstances that would lead to a halt or a significant decline in production from the sources served by the Keystone pipeline. (2013). We have to wait and see how the interim agreement works. But explaining how and why is not easy. 282, updated October 2013. University of Notre Dame If my doctor can get real-time data about the performance of an implanted, wired organ and can reprogram some of its functions, then its only a short step to my becoming part of a network of linked human computers. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 39 million blind people around the world (WHO 2013b). I am who I am thanks in no small measure to the pattern of my relationships with others. The question is, Who is really in control? The interim agreement was negotiated by Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif on behalf of the government of President Hassan Rouhani. We plead the excuse that careful and thorough philosophical and theological reflection take time. As it happens, I also know some world-famous physicists who have caused only embarrassment when they tried to refashion themselves as theologians, and world famous theologians who caused equal embarrassment when they pretended to find in contemporary physics the explanation of theological mysteries. Break-Even Points for U.S. Shale Oil., Adam Widener. Today those relationships are mediated by words and pheromones. eLife 2 (0): e01202 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.01202#sthash.b3jK5FW4.dpuf. Here at my own university, I have watched a civil engineering department become a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science. John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology and Values hot ng trong lnh vc university . 3. College of Science, 215 Jordan Hall of Science, Notre Dame, IN 46556 Rail transport of oil is far more risky from both an environmental and social point of view. In my mind, then, a rapid transition to a transportation system designed around the driverless car is a moral imperative. Science, Technology, and Values Minor at the University of Notre Dame Can you name any other single technology or technological system that kills and injures at such a rate? The Reilly Center was established in 1985 and now supports a number of education, research, and outreach programs and initiatives, including the PhD program in History and Philosophy of Science, the undergraduate minor in Science, Technology, and Values, a Dual-Degree Arts & Letters/Engineering program, and research partnerships with NDNano (the Notre Dame Center for Nanoscience and Technology), the Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, and the Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Initiative. It is not designed as a reactor for power generation. The Campaign for Global Road Safety labels this an epidemic of crisis proportions (Watkins 2012). Much of the Franck report was written by Eugene Rabinowitch, who went on to become a major figure in the Pugwash movement, the leader of which, Joseph Rotblat, was awarded the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize for his exemplary efforts in promoting international communication and understanding among nuclear scientists from around the world during the worst of the Cold War. And that exodus was driven, if you will, by the rapid rise in private automobile ownership, which made possible ones working and living in widely separated locations. The Challenge for the Philosopher, Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, Notre Dame Philosophy Department Web Page, The Moral Imperative of a Permanent, Human Presence on the Moon, Mars, and Beyond, Apocalyptomania Why We Should Not Fear an AI Apocalypse, How to Talk about Science to the Public 1. Iran agrees to cease uranium enrichment beyond the 5% level necessary for energy production and not to expand or enhance its uranium enrichment capabilities, for the duration of the interim agreement. The topologically simple interface allows us still to preserve a notion of boundedness, even if some of the boundaries are wholly under the skin, as with a pacemaker. Were this to become accepted practice, then the consequences would be profound. Lots of commotion. If that is Irans aim, then the interim agreement achieves much less by way of delaying progress to the goal. Frederick B. Dutton (1906-1995), chemist, science educator, and founding dean of Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University, 1967. It is perhaps not well and widely enough understood that some of the bigger technical challenges for a nation seeking nuclear weapons lie not in the production of fissile material but in areas such as these. Until late, we have struggled to say much that is helpful about the embedding of science in society because we were in thrall to an ideology of value neutrality and the social detachment of science, wrongly think these to be necessary conditions for scientific objectivity. This is interesting because the immune system is deeply implicated in any discussion of the self-other distinction. But it is instructive to examine some of the recent pipeline spills, such as the mentioned accidents in Alberta and Michigan. Best not to do anything. October 30, 2014. No interfaces, except in the most abstract, conceptual sense. But right there is the key insight. Engineering problems are just as hard as philosophical ones. The Sejil-2 could put a nuclear warhead on a target as far away as Cairo, Athens, or Kiev. Melnick, Meredith (2012). Our feminist colleagues have been at it for thirty or more years. Death and destruction wrought by earthquakes, hurricanes, and diseaseare classic examples. But its worse than that. Thus, the most rapid possible transition to a transportation system built around autonomous vehicles will save one million lives and prevent as many as fifty million non-fatal injuries annually. Of course I understand the complicated politics of climate change and the complicated political environment in which an organization like AAAS operates. Get the picture? But another view is that Irans aim all along has been to develop the basic technical infrastructure for the rapid production of bomb-grade fissile material for use if and when it chooses. Many thanks to Mark P. Mills (http://www.forbes.com/sites/markpmills/) But the interim agreement places no obstacles in the way of research and development on these other aspects of nuclear weapons design. Jungk, Robert (1958). The question is: How does one measure pain and pleasure? Is a full belly more pleasurable than warmth on a cold winters night? Does it make a difference when science is done in a democracy? The important question is not whether?, but how? Philosophers, theologians, and thoughtful people of every kind, including scientists and engineers, must be part of that conversation. Tom Randall. Those in this chorus of lament seem to inhabit an intellectual and institutional landscape remarkably different from the one in which I learned and now live. Those deaths are our fault, not natures or Gods. John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology and Values c tr s chnh ti Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. On the other hand, science in an entirely different domain has recently forced us to think about the possibility that the human person really is and always has been socially networked, not an atomic individual, and this at a very basic, biological level. Through our research initiatives, we encourage scholars to advance our understanding of the social impacts of science, technology, and their applications, to enlighten policy-making and foster sound governance. That it is also socially embedded, affected by and affecting every aspect of human life, is a trivial truth. First, the Keystone pipeline already exists and is moving hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day from the oil sands area of Alberta and the Bakken region in North Dakota to refineries, storage facilities, and shipping terminals in Illinois, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. 2. Traditionally we distinguish natural evil from moral evil. Natural evil is suffering that is a consequence of the operation of natural law. Expansion of Intestinal Prevotella copri Correlates with Enhanced Susceptibility to Arthritis. The result is that Bakken oil is moving by rail. Founded in 1985 by John D. Jack Reilly in honor of his father, the center is home to such groundbreaking programs as the History and Philosophy of Science graduate program, the Arts and Letters/Engineering Dual-Degree Program, the Science, Technology, & Values minor, and the GLOBES program, which awards certificates to outstanding graduate students whose work serves nature and society. But anxieties about loss of control already arise with such devices, as witness Dick Cheneys turning off the wi-fi capability in his implanted defibrillator. But I dont buy that. Some disciplines merge or birth hybrid offspring. In Germany, in the 1870s, the government created the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt [Imperial Physical-Technical Institute] specifically as a space in which such collaborations between industrial and academic scientists and engineers could flourish. Enbridge. The Observatory shares Castel Gandolfo with the Papal summer residence, and Pope Benedict was in residence during the entirety of the conference. But the really cool thing was beingsaluted by members of the Swiss Guardevery morning as we entered and every evening as we left, snapping to attention with the greeting, Buongiorno or Buonasera.. Through our education and degree programs, we inspire student reflection on connections between and across disciplines, exploring the historical, philosophical, and ethical dimensions of science and technology. Is chronic pain worse than fear of torture? Once that transition was complete, with most of us dependent upon the private automobile for transportation, the commercial cores of our cities were destroyed as congestion and lack of access to parking pushed shops and restaurants out to the suburbs. Further details on all our degrees can be found here. Technical professional associations such as IEEE or the American Physical Society have, I think, a major responsibility to make this a public issue and to take a stand calling for a cessation of such attacks. We are all paying a hidden tax at the supermarket for our lack of critical oil transport infrastructure. Resistance is futile. If you have the technical capability to prevent so much death and suffering but do nothing or even drag your feet, then you have blood on your hands. I talked about it in all of my interviews, which helped me land an internship with Ernst and Young in their Technology Advisory Program (hopefully on healthcare cases)." But US carriers lack the tanker car and engine capacity, as well as bandwidth on the rails, to move the oil. The main point of my talk was a simple one: With the progress of science, physics leading the way, we learn more about the laws of nature and so acquire an ever greater capacity to prevent or ameliorate the suffering caused by disease or natural catastrophes. While most opinions deserve our respect, and while outsiders can sometimes reshape a whole field (think of Luis Alvarez, iridium, and the Cretaceous extinction), that is the exception, not the norm. 1. By definition, there is no data on which to base estimates of the probabilities of one-of-a-kind events. Pay a modest annual fee and a modest per-mile charge, perhaps also carry your own insurance. But such is not the case. Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: Supporting a Decade of Action. I know a theologian who has co-authored world-class experimental physics papers, and a student of Schrdingers who went on to be one of the worlds most important voices on science and theology. 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