https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2019.pdf./ (accessed 13 december 2019). A series of reports from 2007: Careers. Elsevier, Amsterdam. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2021 Jan 16;21(1):foaa062. Some of the most noticeable examples of biomass include crops residue, wood chips, and manure. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.002. Sustainability, 10(11), 4068. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114068. Papanikolaou, A. Singapore: Springer. Tanker design and safety: historical developments and future trends. Biofuels: Understanding Conventional Production Methods, Close-up National Mission on Bio-Fuel. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12366. At present, biofuel is taking the place of fossil fuel, especially when it comes to the production of electricity. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 16(3), 433448. (2019). (2019). Chemosphere, 194, 6775. Once hailed as "green fuels", the first industrial-scale biofuels have come under scrutiny as people question the true amount of energy used in their production and their, For many centuries, burning wood was the main source of heat for mankind. Das, S. (2020). The development of a second generation of perennial, woody energy crops, and the improvement of the efficiencies of biorefineries, will likely shift the economic balance towards more economically competitive applications of biofuels. Dunn, J. Journal of Policy Modeling, 39(3), 410442. In addition, many countries are setting up new initiatives for the production and use of biofuels for transportation (2; Table 2). Among these are: increased security of supply; effect on climate change; employment generation; and the impact of an expanding bioenergy sector on land demand, and how this will affect alternative land uses, such as food production and biodiversity conservation. Article Biofuels are low in carbon intensity, meaning they emit much less carbon dioxide and do not affect global warming directly. Biofuels are considered a key player for the transition to green energy and sustainable development in the coming decades. Gcb Bioenergy, 11(4), 573591. Includes biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar and wind. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-015-9869-y. As a result, the prices of food items will grow up, making it difficult for common people to meet their food requirements. Epub 2009 Jun 22. The conversion of certain organic compounds by enzymes secreted by microorganisms Biofuel obtained by converting plant or animal oils, such as rapeseed, sunflower or used cooking oil Fuel is any solid, liquid or gaseous substance or material that can be combined with an oxidant Diesel is the name of an internal combustion engine that works by compression-ignition A fuel produced from plant or animal matter. 8600 Rockville Pike Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 632653. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) considers it a key element to reducing the carbon footprint within the environmental impact of aviation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.074. Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Energy Production from Biomass. Bioeconomy and SDGs: Does the bioeconomy support the achievement of the SDGs? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 99, 5865. B20. Lignocellulose is composed of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. It compares a specific biofuel system with a reference system - in most cases petrol. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Alam, M. A., Vandamme, D., Chun, W., Zhao, X., Foubert, I., Wang, Z., & Yuan, Z. volume23,pages 1113911156 (2021)Cite this article. Many environmental advocates support the expanded use of biofuels as a way to. Some microalgae can be used to produce oils, providing many molecules with applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and animal feed industries, as well as in biofuels. Recent progress in the genetic engineering of biofuel crops. It seems like a good idea on paper, and they do work - but their use and production doesn . The renewability is surely a great advantage of biofuel, which suggests that we can replenish this energy by growing fuel crops. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Bioresource technology, 101(6), 15701580. Switching to biofuels for transportation needs would reduce energy dependency on oil imports and could boost rural development, providing farmers with an additional source of income. FOIA In N. Balkaya & S. Guneysu (Eds. 6 Best Solar Fence Chargers in 2022: Who Makes the Best Product. Biofuels serve as an alternative to traditional fuels like coal and petroleum. Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation. Apart from various positive aspects associated with the biofuels, there are a few disadvantages linked with these energy sources. Cambridge: Academic Press. Op. Journal of cleaner production, 228, 15141525. Hassan, S. S., Williams, G. A., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2019). If low sulphur fuels are not used, scrubbers needs to be installed in order to remove the SOx emissions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.146. The Commission's unfortunate restriction contradicts the hard-won sustainability criteria established in RED II, which defines and supports sustainable biofuels - including crop-based ones, which account for over 64% of biofuels use in the EU and 58% of the renewable energy in transport alone. However, they currently produce only extremely limited amounts of fuel. Answers and further questions arising from an ecological footprint perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 201, 11381154. Gcb Bioenergy, 9(3), 557576. Turning organic material into a usable fuel requires proper heat, chemical reaction, and fermentation. Hence, it requires large quantities of biofuel to produce the required amount of energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.026. (2019). Hsu, C. S., & Robinson, P. R. (2019). Waste and Biomass Valorization, 10(2), 235251. For instance, in the future, we will be growing large quantities of corn not for the purpose to eat it but to produce biofuel. Fossil fuel and electricity consumption are main sources of greenhouse gases. Singapore: Springer. Metabolic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuel Production. Luciane Maria Colla. ), Bioethanol Production from Food Crops (pp. The toxic materials are also low when compared to fossil fuels. (2019). Bioethanol from Spirulina platensis biomass and the use of residuals to produce biomethane: an energy efficient approach. PMC Most of the analysts are of the view that biofuels can serve domestic purposes. Binary culture of microalgae as an integrated approach for enhanced biomass and metabolites productivity, wastewater treatment, and bioflocculation. (2017). However, there is a paucity of works that discuss the real impact of the biofuels on the sustainable development. Microalgae harvesting by fungal-assisted bioflocculation. AgBioForum Vol 8, Number 2 & 3, Article 15. (2018). Oil palm produces 5metric tons of oil per hectare, while also yielding 17.5metric tons of solid (empty fruit bunches) and liquid (effluents) waste, which is starting to be recycled into fertilizer. The US Department for Agriculture (USDA) has estimated that one billion dry tons of biomass per year are needed to replace 30% of transportation fuels with biofuels (7). Although there isn't yet an internationally agreed upon definition of sustainable aviation fuel, there's a commonly listed sustainability benefit that it reduces . United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and United States Department of Energy (DOE). Gas fermentation for commodity chemicals and fuels. (2019). Liu, J., & Shonnard, D. R. (2014). (2019). For instance, by using 2 gallons of fossil fuels, we can produce 12 gallons of biofuels. Other promising efforts have included programs to shift toward the production and use of biofuels based on residues and waste materials from the agricultural and forestry sectors, and perennial grasses, such as switchgrass and miscanthus--so-called cellulosic ethanol. Current practices, however, do not make biofuels economically competitive, nor optimize energy use and emission characteristics. Biodiesel on the other hand is mainly produced from oil crops such as rapeseed, palm, and soybean (Table 1). We can produce cellulosic ethanol through sugarcanebagasse, which is a waste product that comes out during sugar production. Lee, K. H., Noh, J., & Khim, J. S. (2020). Biofuel discourages the crop rotation, which will affect the condition of the earth and weakens its overall strength. 1.3 metric tons: The amount of biodiesel that can be produced from a hectare of rapeseed. Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases in Turkey. Schmidt, H. P., Anca-Couce, A., Hagemann, N., Werner, C., Gerten, D., Lucht, W., & Kammann, C. (2019). ), Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Cleaner Environment (pp. How Sustainable Are Biofuels? Renewable Diesel, often called " green diesel " or " second generation diesel ," refers to petrodiesel-like fuels derived from biological sources that are chemically not esters and thus distinct from biodiesel. The results show that biofuels contribute to achieving mainly SDG 13 (climate action) and SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), but they also cause negative impacts in other SDGs that vary according to generations. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.02.044. These resources include: Corn grain Oil seeds Algae Other fats, oils, and greases Agricultural residues Forestry residues Wood mill waste Municipal solid waste streams Acheampong, M., Yu, Q., Cansu Ertem, F., Deba Enomah Ebude, L., Tanim, S., Eduful, M., & Ananga, E. (2019). Ruan, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, P., Liu, S., Fan, L., Zhou, N., & Anderson, E. (2019). Zhou S, Yin Y, Xu W, Ji Z, Caldwell I, Ren J. J Environ Manage. (2016). The biochemical pathway "breaks" the lignin to release the cellulose and hemicellulose. Apart from being beneficial as a renewable energy source, biofuel also offers different advantages linked with our environment. The resulting biodiesel can be blended with regular dieselDiesel is the name of an internal combustion engine that works by compression-ignition Bonfante, A., Impagliazzo, A., Fiorentino, N., Langella, G., Mori, M., & Fagnano, M. (2017). Iheonye, C., Osuji, L. C., & Onyema, M. O. . Plant biomass can be converted into biofuels and numerous products used in "green chemistry". Rempel, A., Machado, T., Treichel, H., Colla, E., Margarites, A. C., & Colla, L. M. (2018). Notes and References Companion Document. Converting the biomass into sugars, oils or gases. Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels An international initiative based in Switzerland, the RSB has developed biofuels sustainability standards and is working towards a third-party certification system. Biofuels were supposed to cut greenhouse gas emissions because the carbon contained in them is recycled: It had previously been captured from the air by growing the corn or soybeans to begin with. The cost of biofuels needs to be estimated not only in terms of energy derived, but also in terms of how much energy/resources are required for the production and distribution of biofuels (6). UN. Sustainable development goals and inclusive development. ), Petroleum Science and Technology (pp. 173193). They can be produced from organic residues that are now often a waste management and pollution problem. ), Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production (pp. Bioethanol can be used in straight or even blended form with premium motor spirit (PMS) in spark ignition engine (SIE). U.S. Department of Energy. The principle seeks to establish a standard methodology for comparing greenhouse gases (GHG) benefits. Third-generation biofuels, like second-generation biofuels, are made from nonfood feedstocks, but the resulting fuel is indistinguishable from its petroleum counterparts. The conversion rate is lower as compared to the first-generation biofuels; hence, cellulosic ethanol usually serves only as a gasoline additive. Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0559-0. Nature Sustainability, 1(12), 735736. Association of Bioethanol and Biogas for Environmental Impact Mitigation. 2006. Before Renewable diesel is chemically the same as petrodiesel, but it is made of recently living biomass. Equivalent to more than 80% of the current transportation related emissions. Impacts of biofuels on climate change, water use, and land use. We can use biomass as a fuel in different forms. Rempel, A., de Souza Sossella, F., Margarites, A. C., Astolfi, A. L., Steinmetz, R. L. R., Kunz, A., & Colla, L. M. (2019). Nazari, M.T., Mazutti, J., Basso, L.G. Construction on our facility in Port Arthur, TX will expand production to 1.2 billion annually. In pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 7: Will biofuels be reliable? Bioethanol, the principal fuel used as substitute for petrol for road transport vehicles, is mainly produced by the sugar fermentation process of cellulose (starch), which is mostly derived from maize and sugar cane. Answers and further questions arising from an ecological footprint perspective. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 59, 3036. Ethanol also eliminates the need to add lead. Das, G. G. (2017). Saha, A., Abedin, M., Palei, S. (2020). The Kyoto Protocol (5), an international agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established with the aim of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with global climate. ), Biofuels from Algae (pp. Hence, we can use biofuels as a safer alternative to fossil fuels. Google Scholar. Renewable Energy Focus, 28, 127139. The cross-cutting contribution of the end of neglected tropical diseases to the sustainable development goals. Biofuels and their connections with the sustainable development goals: a bibliometric and systematic review. Bookshelf (2007). Food chemistry, 102(3), 771776. Bioresource Technology, 215, 212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18326. Evidence from African countries. A rapid method for fungal assisted algal flocculation: critical parameters & mechanism insights. Following suitable processing, various types of plant matter can provide extremely high-value derivative products or may do so one day. Journal of Cleaner production, 114, 1132. Salvia, A. L., Brandli, L. L. (2020). 2006. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Lets evaluate biofuels as an alternative form of energy and how it works. Chisti, Y. FEMS Yeast Res. Can omics approaches improve microalgal biofuels under abiotic stress? Microbial biotechnology, 10(5), 11671170. Bioethanol, the principal fuel used as substitute for petrol for road transport vehicles, is mainly produced by the sugar fermentation process of cellulose (starch . They . These criteria hold promise for accelerating a shift away from unsustainable biofuels based on grain, such as corn, and toward possible sustainable feedstock and production practices that may be able to meet a variety of social, economic, and environmental sustainability criteria. This has created some doubts regarding the efficiency of these fuels. Second, agricultural land used for food would not be . However, biofuel is a renewable energy source, as we can grow new crops and make more biofuel by using these crops and their byproducts. Sustainable expansion of biofuels requires moving beyond food-based fuels like corn ethanol, and toward cleaner, non-food based biomass resources. Garca-Feijoo, M., Eizaguirre, A., & Rica-Aspiunza, A. Kline, K. L., Martinelli, F. S., Mayer, A. L., Medeiros, R., Oliveira, C. O. F., Sparovek, G., & Venier, L. A. Salvia, A. L., Leal Filho, W., Brandli, L. L., & Griebeler, J. S. (2019). Trends in Plant Science, 24(7), 611624. ), Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems and Sustainable Energy Technologies (pp. Nunes-Nesi, A. et al.. Bioch. Applying the theory of consumption values to explain drivers willingness to pay for biofuels. Munich Airport, green light for sustainable aviation fuels. Grist, M. (2016). Nguyen, T. D. P., Le, T. V. A., Show, P. L., Nguyen, T. T., Tran, M. H., Tran, T. N. 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