Why does he use this word to describe his father, and is he. Though they never talked about him to Artie, Vladek and Anja kept Richieus photograph in their bedroom throughout Arties childhood. [5] Thomas Doherty, "Art Spiegelman's Maus: Graphic Art and the Holocaust," American Literature, vol. What does Artie need from Vladek? 4 /5. At the mention of his first child, Vladek saddens. He is jealous of the perfection Richieu achieves in death, which he himself cannot achieve while alive. This animosity forces Jews to rely on one another for support. In the book Maus I how is Richieu killed? Artie is exasperated. . Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Chapter Five: Mouse Holes Artie receives a worried call from Mala, who says that Vladek is going to try to clean the drainpipes despite his frail health. Only three of the photos in the book are actual reproductions: the snapshot of Anja and young Artie in "Prisoner on the Hell Planet" in Book 1, Chapter 5 , the photo of Richieu at the beginning of Book 2 . rich-ee-oo richieu rich-ieu Add phonetic spelling Examples of in a sentence Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. Easy. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Add Yours. He shows Artie a diamond ring, which Anja saved for him from the time he was very young, with the intention that it should be given to his wife one day. Art stops his tape recorder, and Vladek turns to bed, addressing Art by his dead brother's name, Richieu. He is thrown against a wall by a Nazi soldier. Contrast his behavior toward his first wife, during the worst years of the war, with the way he now treats Mala. JulesJWilliams. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Art stops his tape recorder, and Vladek turns to bed, addressing Art by his dead brother's name, Richieu. Aware that nothing he will ever do will be as impressive as surviving the Holocaust, Artie feels both guilty for missing it and a little envious of his parents' experiences. Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. and more. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Yodja Spiegelman is one of Vladek's younger sisters who died in Auschwitz. What were Anjas last words to Artie? Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. Very difficult. By October 1937, Vladek's textile factory, financed by his in-laws, is up and running, and Richieu is born Art asks Vladek whether Richieu was premature. Vladek throws away his sons coat at the end of the chapter, behavior that stands in sharp contrast to his overwhelming compulsion to save. In 1943, as conditions worsened in Europe, Anja's sister Tosha took Richieu to stay with a relative in another Polish town. Jun 12, 1951. Why did Vladek choose Anja over Lucia? Anja is hysterical with grief and tells Vladek that she wants to die. Did Vladek and Anja ever get to see her during their lifetimes? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Fela must join the group being sent to the concentration camps because she has four young children. He is sent to Auschwitz, but survives the war and later becomes an engineer and college professor. For most of his life, Art knows Richieu only as a photograph, a photograph of a cherubic boy with a tragic death that Art, the living son, could never live up to. Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. Tosha is married to Wolfe, and is mother to Bibi. Where did Vladek and Anja go from Sosnowiec? Vladeks pills are evidence of his age and poor health, and Arties surprise at seeing them is a reminder of how distant he has been over the past several years. Born in Stockholm after the Holocaust, he is the only surviving child of Vladek and Anja Spiegelman. Later on, Richieu is sent away to Austria, and Vladek and Anja are separated at Auschwitz. He is an only child because Richieu was poisoned in the war. On page 131, Artie brings up the issue of stereotypes. With Lolek gone, Anja becomes hysterical. Our Nation. Though they never talked about him to Artie, Vladek and Anja kept Richieus photograph in their bedroom throughout Arties childhood. What happens to Richieu in the Zawiercie ghetto? Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. The story consists of two books, Book One: My Father Bleeds History and . Because of this, Arts identity is discursive. At about the same time, they learn of Richieus death. In the sanitarium, he showers Anja with warmth and positivity. Feb 15, 2013 The couple's first child, Richieu, born in 1937, died in 1943 during the Holocaust. The person Anja sees in the caf is very different from the person Artie sees in Rego Park, a Vladek changed by time and experience. Because his parents are abroad when the war breaks out, he stays with Anja and Vladek throughout much of the war. His brother, Richieu, died as a child during the war, and his mother committed suicide in 1968 when he was twenty years old. When did Ariana grande lose her virginity? 1. because he is just telling the events of Vladeks life that happened. It was too shabby, he tells Artie, and he was embarrassed to have his son wear such a thing. What happened to Richieu in Chapter 5? He will not live through the war. How does art feel about Richieu? Maus offers up a family portrait complicated by the legacy of the Holocaust, where family bonds were tested and whole families wiped out. It originally ran in Spiegelman's Raw magazine between 1980 and 1991 before receiving mainstream attention as two collected volumes, Maus I in 1986 and Maus II in 1991. Artie, you still love me, dont you? 17 terms. Artie and Franoise are vacationing with friends in Vermont. Their survival was based on people and each other really. Though his reaction is somewhat understandable since he has probably heard this story before this is not shocking information Arties lack of basic politeness and consideration shows that he is very self-centered. Maus is a representation of how the Holocaust continued to affect Art's parents after their . After the war begins, Tosha carries a vial of poison around her neck at all times. Analysis. They had different ways of getting along like Margot for example, she got along by her studies. Source(s) Maus. 8 How does Artie relate to his father in Maus? Art's mother, Anja, survived the Holocaust, but committed suicide in May, 1968. Tosha We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Vladek and his family move to U.S Aug 18, 1982. Average German people have a hand in the exclusion, abuse, and other injustices inflicted upon their Jewish neighbors. There is a moment near the end where Anja sees the picture of her living . Vladek and Anja 's firstborn son. The graphic memoir concludes with Vladek calling Art by his deceased son's name, Richieu. Artie never felt like he could live up to his father's talent to do everything amazingly well. . But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. What does Vladek give Artie at the end of chapter 5? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Is Maus based on a true story? Can someone put you on tv without your consent? While most of the story evolves in the interaction between Art and Vladek, Anja's death is always part of their relationship. What Is Markov Chain Monte Carlo And Why It Matters? What happened to Anja after Richieu was born? They have recently heard the news about Richieu s death and the deaths of Anjas sister, brother-in-law, and nieces and with the loss (full context) Artie wonders aloud whether he and Richieu would get along, if Richieu had survived the war. She did not grow up aware of the discriminatory attitudes against black people in the United States, so she is horrified by what Artie interprets as usual behavior for people of his fathers generation. What is manifold pressure on an airplane? Mala is on the other line, yelling in frustration. Soon after giving birth Anja becomes terribly depressed, and Vladek takes her to an upscale sanitarium in Czechoslovakia. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." what do they argue about?, how long had it been since Artie visited his father? michael kors 2022 bags; how to give vector input in matlab; frank bisignano son Write a letter to your friend telling him her how spent your mid term holidays? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Why does vladek leave anja and richieu? Throughout Maus, the story of Art becomes clear. One day while at the factory, he receives a call that Anja is suffering from severe postpartum depression. Vladek leaves to join the Polish army. (including. 86 terms. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. When the Nazis evacuate Srodula, the ghetto where the three of them are living, Lolek refuses to hide with Vladek and Anja in a bunker. Art is 20, recently released from the state mental hospital and living with his parents. What did Vladek want Artie to do at the end of Chapter 1? He was poisoned. Anja's father helps Vladek buy a textile factory in Bielsko, and a few months later in October 1937, Vladek's first son, Richieu, is born. Lolek refuses to hide and is taken away to Auschwitz. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Artie is furious at the intrusion, and tells Vladek that, as a grown man, he will decide how he is going to dress. Leaving for war is an intense experience, but the emotions are calmer from a distance of decades. Anja 's older sister. -Graham S. Many people who do not have mental illnesses experience depression after giving birth (postpartum depression). Skidmore-Hess World History Test 2. This is the first shadow of the Holocaust in Vladeks story: the joyous occasion of his sons birth is deeply painful in retrospect, because the events of the war would tear Richieu away from him. Art stops his tape recorder, and Vladek turns to bed, addressing Art by his dead brother's name, Richieu. Anja 's nephew. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. His brother, Richieu, died as a child during the war, and his mother committed suicide in 1968 when he was twenty years old. Artie is lying in bed with his wife, Franoise, when the telephone rings. When the Nazis evacuate Srodula, the ghetto where the three of them are living, Lolek refuses to hide with . Did he listen? A year later, they had to give Richieu to go with Tosha anyway, and it was all for naught. Though they never talked about him to Artie, Vladek and Anja kept Richieus photograph in their bedroom throughout Arties childhood. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. So she gives herself, Bilio, Lonia, Though the violence does not threaten Vladek and Anja immediately, the riots are a sign of worse things to come. . At about the same time . 4. Maus ends without resolving all the tensions it had set up over the course of the entire novel. To make Vladek happy. And not only did Richieu die, he was killed by his own family. Their conversations allow Artie to better understand the forces that shaped Vladeks life, and to forgive some of his shortcomings as a parent. Teachers and parents! He tells Vladek to hire someone, but Vladek says hell get his neighbor to help him instead. Why do you think Spiegelman chooses to conclude this anecdote in this manner? Poles are not enemies. The most striking images in the book are two photographs: one of the beautiful and angelic Richieu and another of Vladek as a young man in a crisp camp uniform. How did Richieu die? How does Artie describe the position his mother puts him in by killing herself? Anja (Zylberberg) Spiegelman. How did Richieu die in the book Maus? Lolek is the son of Herman and Helen, and older brother of Lonia. Though they never talked about him to Artie, Vladek and Anja kept Richieu's photograph in their bedroom throughout Artie's childhood. The things that lie ahead for them are more horrible than anyone can imagine, so they are unable to prepare adequately. Other sets by this creator. What happens to Richieu in Maus? Art sits with his bedridden father, who has just finished telling Art about his reunion with Anja after . Franoise, who is French, is particularly upset about the way Vladek reacts to the hitchhiker. Why is Vladek warned not to go back to Sosnowiec? Yodja Spiegelman is one of Vladeks younger sisters who died in Auschwitz. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Why does Art worry about the way hes portraying his father, Vladek in the book? Artie, you still love me, dont you? All of these shortcomings, shortcomings that make Spiegelman human, never existed within Richieu. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, The Holocaust and the Responsibility of its Survivors. why doesnt vladek get off the train in sosnowiec? Art Spiegelman. With Lolek gone, Anja becomes hysterical. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. He didnt get good training on how to be a soldier so he would just shoot anyone who looked like an enemy. Maus I: My Father Bleeds History. The title serves as a comparison between an old time movie star who was portrayed as a ladies' man, and Vladek, who was involved with two women at the start of his own story. The fact that Ilzeki's son survived means that Richieu possibly would have survived too if Vladek agreed to the idea. hears that the Nazi cats are in the town and she does not want the Richieus birth highlights his absence from the life Artie and Vladek lead in the present. What happens to Richieu in Maus? Wealth protects the family from normal vulnerabilities. Ecclesiology Final. . He arrives to find his father lying on the floor, a complete wreck. Why did Vladek choose Anja over Lucia? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. When the Germans evacuate the ghetto Zawiercie, she poisons herself and the three children in her care (Bibi, Lonia, and Richieu, who Vladek and Anja thought would . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". How many babies did Elizabeth of York have? Arties bland reaction to the story Vladek tells about losing his eye shows a lack of interest or investment in his fathers present life. Communism was considered criminal in many European countries even before the Nazis rose to power, and Anja took a major risk in affiliating with a Communist organization. 109 terms. Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of richieu. Spiegelman created "Maus" as a "frame tale," depicting his '70s conversations with his father as a contextual window into the World War II experiences of Vladek and his wife, Anja both Polish Jews who were persecuted by the Nazis. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Vladek is suspicious, but hides behind a corner to see what happens. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. What is the mood and tone for the tale of tonyo the brave? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Lolek refuses to hide and is taken away to Auschwitz. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Why does Artie feel jealous of Richieu in Book 2, Chapter 1 of Maus? Richieu Spiegelman. Vladek hears that she is alive and is in Sosnowiec, so Vladek sells his things for gifts for her and travels to Sosnoviec and finds her. How does Artie describe the position his mother puts him in by killing herself? Why did Francoise convert to judaism? Richieu Spiegelman is the son of Vladek and Anja, who died from poisoning when he was six in order to save him from the Nazis. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Noticing that there are only seven months between February, when. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. These stories raise questions about what Anja must have been like as a mother, and what special challenges her illness might have created for her and Artie. He studied at . Author Avatar: Well, Art Spiegelman is the author of Maus, so who would have guessed? In writing his book, Art wants to portray the . What is marketing intermediaries and why they are used? How does Artie relate to his father in Maus? What does Mala need from Vladek? 62 3099-5574 R. Quintino Bocaiva, 359, Centro - Anpolis/GO . From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Pronunciation of richieu with 2 audio pronunciations. May 1987. What does amcha mean? Though they never talked about him to Artie, Vladek and Anja kept Richieu's photograph in their bedroom throughout Artie's childhood. Artie is uncomfortable talking about the prospect of his fathers death, but Vladek ignores his protests. Vladek looks frail and unhealthy; hes had two heart attacks, and the suicide of his wife Anja (Arties mother) a decade earlier has taken a serious toll on him. She clearly had some investment in the group though its unclear whether she believed in their political philosophy, or just wanted to help her friend and this incident shows her caught in a web of conflicting values. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What eventually happens to Richieu in the ghetto? Communists people who belonged to a political group that believed in populist and highly egalitarian government and social systems were among the non-Jewish groups targeted for imprisonment by the Nazi regime. When Vladek begins telling this story on page 81, the first three rows of panels are set in the past, while the bottom three panels return us to the present and show the old Vladek pedaling his stationary bicycle. After the war begins, Tosha carries a vial of poison around her neck at all times. A farmer has 19 sheep All but 7 die How many are left? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? How did Vladek and Anjas son Richieu die? Vladek goes back to his memories. Who were the siblings in Fred Claus' Siblings Anonymous group besides Roger Clinton Stephen Baldwin and Frank Stallone? Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. Why does Vladek consider taking Anja and Richieu to the town of Sosnowiec? in the first book of Maus Richieu is killed by poison. After Richieu's death, Vladek and Anja keep a photograph of their first child hanging on the wall of their bedroom, and Art comes to feel a sense of sibling rivalry with his "ghost brother." $MMT = window.$MMT || {}; $MMT.cmd = $MMT.cmd || [];$MMT.cmd.push(function(){ $MMT.video.slots.push(["6451f103-9add-4354-8c07-120e2f85be69"]); }). Why do you think Artie made this decision? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Though Vladek and Anja like so many other people are worried about the Nazis, they can only speculate about what Hitler wants and how to protect themselves. 3 children to live through it. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? vladek tells him that he has a cousin in lublin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Overview Maus by Art Spiegelman is the first graphic novel to win the Pulitzer Prize. The riots Vladek witnesses are evidence of rising tensions in Poland. LitCharts Teacher Editions. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Where did Vladek and Anja go from Sosnowiec? Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. cooper_largent. why did they separate? It is a graphic novel or actually a graphic memoir since it is a true story. How is Richieu killed. Why does Vladek consider taking Anja and Richieu to the town of Sosnowiec? Richieu dies during the war, when his Aunt Tosha poisons him to prevent him from being captured by Nazi soldiers during the evacuation of Zawiercie. Chapter One: The Sheik Vladek looks frail and unhealthy; hes had two heart attacks, and the suicide of his wife Anja (Arties mother) a decade earlier has taken a serious toll on him. There are two types of photographs in Maus: actual reproductions of family photos and Spiegelman's hand-drawn interpretation of family photos. Difficult. (8 votes) Very easy. 34 terms. Maus, by Art Spiegelman, shows the trials and tribulations that the main character, Vladek, and his companions suffered during the Holocaust. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. What happens to Anja and Richieu in Maus? Rather than be taken to the gas chamber, Tosha poisons herself and the children under her care, including Richieu. 1 (1996): 69-84, at p. 70: "Occupying a landscape that crossed George Orwell with Max Fleischer, where Nazis were snarling cats, Jews forlorn mice, and Poles stupid pigs, Maus redrew the contractual terms for depictions of the . Chaja Spiegelman, Vladeks mother, dies of cancer after Vladek is released from the prisoner of war camp. Why does Vladek ride in the official streetcar with the Germans, rather than in the second car with the Poles? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. What might have been a disastrous event for another person was inconvenient and unpleasant for Vladek and his father-in-law, but ultimately not devastating. After some time, Pesach comes over to their bunker, and he tells them of a plan to bribe German soldiers to let them escape. Anja and Richieu do go to Sosnowiec because of the war and the fact that Vladek was sent to the frontier against Germany. and Ricieu poison. He gets a relapse of typhus, and is soon diagnosed with diabetes. Active Themes. Tosha Character Analysis. He is sent to Auschwitz. 5 What happens in Chapter 5 of Maus a survivors tale? No, they both died before she was born. The atrocities of the Holocaust are yet to come, but violence and discrimination are facts of life for Jewish people long before the war and Nazi soldiers are not the only ones perpetuating that violence. 5 What does Vladek give Artie at the end of chapter 5? The title refers to the fact that Vladek was once a leader in an Arab country. Answers 1. Lucia Greenberg is Vladeks girlfriend before he meets Anja. Why does Spiegelman choose to end his work with this line? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Rather than be sent to the gas chambers, Tosha poisons herself, her children, and Richieu. Next. The matter of justification is an odd one when it comes to Maus.The work is highly autobiographical, and Artie, the author, is a human being like any other. The biggest help was Miep who brought their food to them and got them their necessities like shampoo, nail polish, book, and other things. That October, 1937, Anja gives birth to a son named Richieu. Vladek replies that Art was premature, and had an arm twitch that looked like a "Heil, Hitler." Imitating Art's gesture, Vladek accidentally spills his pills. How does Richieu die?. Art Spiegelman is Born Anja and Vladek have their second child, Art. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The sanitarium is beautiful and peaceful, and. They reconnect when the Jews are ordered to convene at Dienst stadium. Maus I by Art Spiegleman. His caretaker, Tosha, poisons him and two other children to protect them from the Nazis. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This moment exemplifies the ways in which moral reasoning can become tangled when important values come into conflict. For the Jewish people during that time surviving was a challenge and for those that actually . The joke he recalls, which makes a light-hearted reference to the war, suggests that though the sadness and trauma of the war has lingered Vladek and Anja allowed themselves to incorporate their memories of into everyday life, perhaps as a way of making them less painful. There is an extreme amount of survivors guilt and an inability to relate or understand the experiences of their parents. Answered by jill d #170087 7 years ago 5/11/2015 11:10 AM. Richieu Spiegelman is the son of Vladek and Anja, who died from poisoning when he was six in order to save him from the Nazis. In the comic, which is reprinted in full, Vladek arrives home to find Anja in the bathtub, her wrists cut and an empty bottle of pills nearby. He gets his papers. He says he has a heart attack. Spiegelman's prodigality, too, is something Vladeck comments constantly about, most notably in his son's poor purchase of a tape recorder (Maus I 73). What is judge James Edwards' party affiliation? Vladek decides to end his relationship with Lucia, then moves to Sosnowiec and marries Anja in 1937. Richieu Spiegelman is the son of Vladek and Anja, who died from poisoning when he was six in order to save him from the Nazis. What happens to Vladek in the War? As Artie interviews Vladek about his experiences during the war and the Holocaust, he gains a better understanding of how his fathers past affects his present. mlewenstenknoll. answer choices. Though they never talked about him to Artie, Vladek and Anja kept Richieu's photograph in their bedroom throughout Artie's childhood. What is the summary of the poem tiger tiger revisited? What logo is a black R with a star on a gold background? 68, no. The best explanation for this seemingly uncharacteristic behaviour lies in Vladeks reasons for saving. Anjas death is also highly significant for Art in his own artistic development. What time does normal church end on Sunday? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. What qualifies you as a Vermont resident? Vladek and Anja s firstborn son. At the conclusion of Maus, Artie calls Vladek a murderer. What happens to Anja and Richieu in Maus? That Vladek is able to recover so quickly and completely from the losses of the robbery shows the power of the Zylberberg familys wealth. Their ideas of Anja are so different. However, it is clear that mental illness was a significant feature of Anjas adult life: she was nervous (or anxious) as a young woman, and would die by suicide later in life. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Maus, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Yes because if the gestapo found Vladek and Anja in her house, all 3 of them would be in trouble. the train didnt stop is sosnowiec, but into nazi-controlled lublin. It is summer. Dedicated both to Richieu, the brother he never knew who was lost during the Holo- Book Reviews 135 caust, and to his newborn daughter Nadja, . Tension escalates and then deescalates very quickly in this scene, as Vladek pauses in his story and turns his attention toward ordinary life in the present. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class..
Roof Sealant Spray Clear, Tour To Turkey From London, Fill With Fear Crossword Clue, Shortcut To Expand Grouped Rows In Excel, Lira Ice Clarifying Treatment, Level Studios San Francisco, Self Made Training Facility Monthly Cost, Google Authenticator For Chrome, Speed Limit A1 Switzerland,
Roof Sealant Spray Clear, Tour To Turkey From London, Fill With Fear Crossword Clue, Shortcut To Expand Grouped Rows In Excel, Lira Ice Clarifying Treatment, Level Studios San Francisco, Self Made Training Facility Monthly Cost, Google Authenticator For Chrome, Speed Limit A1 Switzerland,